Cutlip Robert G, Baker Brent A, Hollander Melinda, Ensey James
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1095 Don Nehlen Drive, M/S 2027, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009 Jun;19(3):358-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.06.007. Epub 2008 Sep 3.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a major concern in the United States. Overexertion and repetitive motion injuries dominate reporting of lost-time MSD incidents. Over the past three decades, there has been much study on contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury. The effect of the biomechanical loading signature that includes velocity, range of motion, the number of repetitions, force, work-rest cycle, and exposure duration has been studied. More recently, the effect of aging on muscle injury susceptibility and regeneration has been studied. This review will focus on contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury, the effects of repetitions, range of motion, work-rest cycles, and aging on injury susceptibility and regenerative and adaptive pathways. The different physiological phenomena responsive to overt muscle injury versus adaptation will be distinguished. The inherent capability of skeletal muscle to adapt to mechanical loading, given the appropriate exposure signature will also be discussed. Finally, we will submit that repeated high-intensity mechanical loading is a desirable means to attenuate the effects of sarcopenia, and may be the most effective and appealing mode of physical activity to counteract the effects often observed with musculo-skeletal dysfunction in the workplace.
与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）是美国的一个主要问题。过度劳累和重复性运动损伤在误工MSD事件报告中占主导地位。在过去三十年里，对收缩诱导的骨骼肌损伤进行了大量研究。已经研究了包括速度、运动范围、重复次数、力量、工作-休息周期和暴露持续时间在内的生物力学负荷特征的影响。最近，研究了衰老对肌肉损伤易感性和再生的影响。本综述将聚焦于收缩诱导的骨骼肌损伤、重复次数、运动范围、工作-休息周期以及衰老对损伤易感性和再生与适应性途径的影响。将区分对明显肌肉损伤与适应性反应的不同生理现象。还将讨论骨骼肌在适当暴露特征下适应机械负荷的内在能力。最后，我们认为反复进行高强度机械负荷是减轻肌肉减少症影响的理想方法，并且可能是抵消在工作场所经常观察到的肌肉骨骼功能障碍影响的最有效且最具吸引力的体育活动方式。
