Huisman M, Oldehinkel A J
Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Jan;63(1):31-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.2007.069377. Epub 2008 Sep 3.
The objective of the study was to investigate the relation of income inequality and indicators of social capital to self-inflicted injury mortality (suicide) and violence-related mortality, and to the share of total mortality that is due to these two causes of death in 35 developed countries.
An ecological study including 30 European countries, including former communist countries, and five developed countries from other parts of the world was carried out. Countries were included if there was information available about mortality and income inequality, and if they had been included in the European/World Values Surveys of 2000. The main outcome measures were self-inflicted injury and violence-related mortality and the percentage of total mortality that was due to these two causes of death.
There were important variations between former communist Europe and other developed countries. In other developed countries income inequality was significantly, but negatively, correlated with self-inflicted deaths, but not with violence-related deaths. In former communist countries, it was found that income inequality was correlated with violence-related deaths, but not self-inflicted deaths. Only in former communist countries did adjusting for the level of preparedness to help others reduce the associations.
The expectation that income inequality would have a relatively strong association with the two causes of death indicating mortality due to self-infliction and violence was only partly confirmed, that is, only for former communist countries and only for violence-related mortality. The expectation that adjusting indicators of social capital would lower associations was also only partly confirmed.
本研究的目的是调查收入不平等和社会资本指标与自我伤害死亡率（自杀）、暴力相关死亡率，以及这两种死因在35个发达国家总死亡率中所占比例之间的关系。
开展了一项生态研究，纳入了30个欧洲国家（包括前共产主义国家）以及世界其他地区的5个发达国家。如果有关于死亡率和收入不平等的可用信息，并且这些国家被纳入了2000年的欧洲/世界价值观调查，则将其纳入研究。主要结局指标为自我伤害和暴力相关死亡率，以及这两种死因在总死亡率中所占的百分比。
前共产主义欧洲国家与其他发达国家之间存在重要差异。在其他发达国家，收入不平等与自我伤害死亡显著负相关，但与暴力相关死亡无关。在前共产主义国家，发现收入不平等与暴力相关死亡相关，但与自我伤害死亡无关。只有在前共产主义国家，对帮助他人的准备程度进行调整后，这种关联才会减弱。
收入不平等与表明自我伤害和暴力导致死亡率的两种死因之间存在较强关联的预期仅得到部分证实，即仅在前共产主义国家以及仅在暴力相关死亡率方面得到证实。调整社会资本指标会降低这种关联的预期也仅得到部分证实。
