Manciocco Arianna, Chiarotti Flavia, Vitale Augusto, Calamandrei Gemma, Laviola Giovanni, Alleva Enrico
Section of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Jan;33(1):18-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.002. Epub 2008 Aug 13.
Currently, the accepted ethical standards for the regulation of animal experimentation are provided by the 3R principle (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). The development of alternative methods to the use of animals (Replacement), the design of adequate experimental protocols to reduce the number of animals (Reduction), the application of refinement practices (Refinement) are all aspects to be considered to ensure ethical and scientific validity to animal experimentation. This review intends to address these issues, using experimental research on Parkinson's disease (PD) as a paradigmatic example of the use of animal models to improve knowledge on a devastating human pathology. In particular, current rodent models of PD and their validity are reviewed and discussed, and methodologies that may ultimately reduce animal's suffering emphasized. Although procedures referring to with 3R principle can be traced in the literature reviewed, they are not considered yet an important part of the methodological information. The formal inclusion in scientific papers of a section devoted to 3Rs may increase knowledge and eventually adherence to this principle by scientists.
目前，动物实验监管所公认的伦理标准由3R原则（替代、减少和优化）提供。开发替代动物使用的方法（替代）、设计适当的实验方案以减少动物数量（减少）、应用优化措施（优化）都是确保动物实验的伦理和科学有效性时需要考虑的方面。本综述旨在探讨这些问题，以帕金森病（PD）的实验研究作为使用动物模型增进对一种毁灭性人类疾病认识的典型例子。特别地，对当前的PD啮齿动物模型及其有效性进行了综述和讨论，并强调了最终可能减少动物痛苦的方法。虽然在所综述的文献中可以追溯到涉及3R原则的程序，但它们尚未被视为方法学信息的重要组成部分。在科学论文中正式纳入一个专门讨论3Rs的部分，可能会增加科学家对这一原则的了解，并最终促使他们遵守这一原则。
