Richter Gresham T, Thompson Dana M
Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008 Oct;41(5):837-64, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.011.
Laryngomalacia is the most common laryngeal anomaly and cause of stridor in newborns. Up to 20% of infants with laryngomalacia present with life-threatening disease that necessitates surgical management in the setting of severe airway obstruction and feeding disorders. Surgical correction of laryngomalacia has evolved over the past century from open tracheostomy to endoscopic modalities. This article provides a guide to patient assessment, surgical indication, operative technique, and perioperative management of patients with laryngomalacia. A review of surgical outcomes and complications is presented. Medical comorbidities often accompany patients with the least successful outcomes. Although complications are rare, they most commonly include persistent disease, supraglottic stenosis, and lower respiratory tract infections.
喉软化症是新生儿中最常见的喉部异常及喘鸣原因。高达20%的喉软化症婴儿会出现危及生命的疾病，在严重气道阻塞和喂养障碍的情况下需要手术治疗。在过去的一个世纪里，喉软化症的手术矫正已从开放性气管切开术发展到内镜治疗方式。本文提供了一份关于喉软化症患者评估、手术指征、手术技术和围手术期管理的指南。文中还对手术结果和并发症进行了综述。医疗合并症常伴随手术效果最差的患者。虽然并发症很少见，但最常见的包括疾病持续存在、声门上狭窄和下呼吸道感染。
