Li Sheena Claire, Kane Patricia M
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Apr;1793(4):650-63. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.08.003. Epub 2008 Aug 13.
Fungal vacuoles are acidic organelles with degradative and storage capabilities that have many similarities to mammalian lysosomes and plant vacuoles. In the past several years, well-developed genetic, genomic, biochemical and cell biological tools in S. cerevisiae have provided fresh insights into vacuolar protein sorting, organelle acidification, ion homeostasis, autophagy, and stress-related functions of the vacuole, and these insights have often found parallels in mammalian lysosomes. This review provides a broad overview of the defining features and functions of S. cerevisiae vacuoles and compares these features to mammalian lysosomes. Recent research challenges the traditional view of vacuoles and lysosomes as simply the terminal compartment of biosynthetic and endocytic pathways (i.e. the "garbage dump" of the cell), and suggests instead that these compartments are unexpectedly dynamic and highly regulated.
真菌液泡是具有降解和储存能力的酸性细胞器，与哺乳动物溶酶体和植物液泡有许多相似之处。在过去几年中，酿酒酵母中完善的遗传、基因组、生化和细胞生物学工具为液泡蛋白分选、细胞器酸化、离子稳态、自噬以及液泡的应激相关功能提供了新的见解，而且这些见解常常能在哺乳动物溶酶体中找到对应。本综述广泛概述了酿酒酵母液泡的定义特征和功能，并将这些特征与哺乳动物溶酶体进行了比较。最近的研究对液泡和溶酶体仅仅是生物合成和内吞途径的终末区室（即细胞的“垃圾场”）这一传统观点提出了挑战，相反，表明这些区室出人意料地具有动态性且受到高度调控。
