Pierce Benton H, Waring Jill D, Schacter Daniel L, Budson Andrew E
Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429-3011, USA.
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2008 Sep;21(3):179-86. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e31817d74e7.
To examine the use of distinctive materials at encoding on recall-to-reject monitoring processes in aging and Alzheimer disease (AD).
AD patients, and to a lesser extent older adults, have shown an impaired ability to use recollection-based monitoring processes (eg, recall-to-reject) to avoid various types of false memories, such as source-based false recognition.
Younger adults, healthy older adults, and AD patients engaged in an incidental learning task, in which critical category exemplars were either accompanied by a distinctive picture or were presented as only words. Later, participants studied a series of categorized lists in which several typical exemplars were omitted and were then given a source memory test.
Both older and younger adults made more accurate source attributions after picture encoding compared with word-only encoding, whereas AD patients did not exhibit this distinctiveness effect.
These results extend those of previous studies showing that monitoring in older adults can be enhanced with distinctive encoding, and suggest that such monitoring processes in AD patients many be insensitive to distinctiveness.
研究在编码时使用独特材料对衰老及阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者回忆-拒绝监测过程的影响。
AD患者以及程度较轻的老年人，在使用基于回忆的监测过程（如回忆-拒绝）以避免各种类型的错误记忆（如基于来源的错误识别）方面能力受损。
年轻成年人、健康老年人和AD患者参与一项 incidental learning task，其中关键类别示例要么伴有独特图片，要么仅以文字形式呈现。随后，参与者学习一系列分类列表，其中省略了几个典型示例，然后进行来源记忆测试。
与仅文字编码相比，图片编码后，老年人和年轻人都做出了更准确的来源归因，而AD患者未表现出这种独特性效应。
这些结果扩展了先前研究的结果，表明独特编码可增强老年人的监测能力，并表明AD患者的此类监测过程可能对独特性不敏感。
