Mandalakis Manolis, Stephanou Euripides G, Horii Yuichi, Kannan Kurunthachalam
Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Sep 1;42(17):6431-6. doi: 10.1021/es7030533.
Air samples from automobile cabins were collected and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs). The concentration of total PBDEs (sigmaPBDE; sum of 19 congeners) varied from 0.4 to 2644 pg m(-3), with a median of 201 pg m(-3), while BDE 47, 99, and 209 collectively accounted for 70 +/- 30% of sigmaPBDE concentrations. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sigmaPBDE concentration was significantly influenced by vehicle's age and interior temperature. More specifically, sigmaPBDE decreased over time and increased with the rise of temperature. The daily inhalation intake of PBDEs during commuting was estimated to range from 0.5 to 2909 pg day(-1) (median 221 pg day(-1)) and contributed 29% of the overall daily exposure to PBDEs via inhalation. When excluding BDE 209, a lower contribution was calculated for this source (18%), but this was still comparable with residential exposure (22%). The levels of PBDD/Fs were generally below the limits of detection and only in one case were hepta-BDFs positively detected at a concentration of 61 pg m(-3). This study demonstrates that car interiors, especially when new, contain high levels of airborne PBDEs and represent a potential route of human exposure via inhalation.
采集汽车车厢内的空气样本，分析其中的多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、多溴二苯并呋喃（PBDFs）和多溴二苯并对二噁英（PBDDs）。总PBDEs（19种同系物之和，即sigmaPBDE）的浓度在0.4至2644 pg m⁻³之间变化，中位数为201 pg m⁻³，而BDE 47、99和209共同占sigmaPBDE浓度的70±30%。多元线性回归分析表明，sigmaPBDE浓度受车辆使用年限和车内温度的显著影响。更具体地说，sigmaPBDE随时间下降，随温度升高而增加。通勤期间PBDEs的每日吸入摄入量估计在0.5至2909 pg day⁻¹之间（中位数为221 pg day⁻¹），占通过吸入途径每日接触PBDEs总量的29%。排除BDE 209后，该来源的贡献计算值较低（18%），但仍与住宅接触贡献值（22%）相当。PBDD/Fs的水平一般低于检测限，仅在一个案例中七溴二苯并呋喃被阳性检测到，浓度为61 pg m⁻³。本研究表明，汽车内部，尤其是新车内部，含有高水平的空气中PBDEs，是人类通过吸入途径接触的潜在途径。
