Griffiths M
Psychology Department, University of Exeter, England.
J Psychol. 1991 May;125(3):347-57. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1991.10543298.
Explanations involving the etiology of pathological gambling have tended to emphasize psychosocial factors. However, the possibility that psychobiological factors may be important in the development of pathological gambling behavior should not be ruled out. Psychobiological approaches are becoming ever more prominent with the three main lines of research being (a) a search for a physiological disposition and/or underlying biological substrate in pathological gamblers, (b) an examination of the role of arousal in gambling, and (c) speculation about endorphin-related explanations. The data from questionnaires and interviews with fruit machine gamblers suggest that both physiological and cognitive factors (e.g., the psychology of the near-miss) may be important in the explanation of excessive fruit machine gambling. Thus, if a gambler becomes physiologically aroused when he or she wins or nearly wins, it will stimulate further play, here termed the psychobiology of the near-miss.
关于病态赌博病因的解释往往侧重于心理社会因素。然而，心理生物学因素在病态赌博行为发展中可能起重要作用这一可能性不应被排除。随着三条主要研究路线的展开，心理生物学方法正变得越来越突出，这三条路线分别是：（a）在病态赌徒中寻找生理倾向和/或潜在的生物学基础；（b）研究唤醒在赌博中的作用；（c）推测与内啡肽相关的解释。来自对吃角子老虎机赌徒的问卷调查和访谈的数据表明，生理和认知因素（如差点赢的心理）在解释过度玩吃角子老虎机行为中可能都很重要。因此，如果赌徒在赢钱或差点赢钱时生理上被唤醒，这将刺激其进一步赌博，在此称之为差点赢的心理生物学。
