University of Bucharest, Cătălin Bărboianu, 29B, Dumbrava Str., 210109, Târgu Jiu, Gorj, Romania.
J Gambl Stud. 2019 Sep;35(3):1063-1078. doi: 10.1007/s10899-018-09820-1.
The near-miss has been considered an important factor of reinforcement in gambling behavior, and previous research has focused more on its industry-related causes and effects and less on the gaming phenomenon itself. The near-miss has usually been associated with the games of slots and scratch cards, due to the special characteristics of these games, which include the possibility of pre-manipulation of award symbols in order to increase the frequency of these "engineered" near-misses. In this paper, we argue that starting from a basic mathematical description of the classical (by pure chance) near-miss, generalizable to any game, and focusing equally on the epistemology of its constitutive concepts and their mathematical description, we can identify more precisely the fallacious elements of the near-miss cognitive effects and the inadequate perception and representation of the observational-intentional "I was that close." This approach further suggests a strategy of using non-standard mathematical knowledge of an epistemological type in problem-gambling prevention and cognitive therapies.
近失被认为是赌博行为强化的一个重要因素，先前的研究更多地关注其与行业相关的原因和影响，而较少关注游戏本身的现象。近失通常与老虎机和刮刮卡游戏有关，这是由于这些游戏的特殊特点，包括预先操纵奖励符号的可能性，以增加这些“人为”近失的频率。在本文中，我们认为，从对任何游戏都具有普遍意义的经典（纯粹偶然）近失的基本数学描述入手，并平等地关注其构成概念的认识论及其数学描述，我们可以更准确地确定近失认知效应的错误元素，以及对观察性意图“我如此接近”的感知和表示的不足。这种方法进一步提出了一种在预防赌博成瘾和认知疗法中使用具有认识论类型的非标准数学知识的策略。
