McAdams Dan P, Albaugh Michelle, Farber Emily, Daniels Jennifer, Logan Regina L, Olson Brad
School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008 Oct;95(4):978-90. doi: 10.1037/a0012650.
This research examines life-narrative interviews obtained from 128 highly religious and politically active adults to test differences between political conservatives and liberals on (a) implicit family metaphors (G. Lakoff, 2002) and (b) moral intuitions (J. Haidt & C. Joseph, 2004). Content analysis of 12 key scenes in life stories showed that conservatives, as predicted, tended to depict authority figures as strict enforcers of moral rules and to identify lessons in self-discipline. By contrast, liberals were more likely to identify lessons learned regarding empathy and openness, even though (contrary to prediction) they were no more likely than conservatives to describe nurturant authority figures. Analysis of extended discourse on the development of religious faith and personal morality showed that conservatives emphasized moral intuitions regarding respect for social hierarchy, allegiance to in-groups, and the purity or sanctity of the self, whereas liberals invested more significance in moral intuitions regarding harm and fairness. The results are discussed in terms of the recent upsurge of interest among psychologists in political ideology and the value of using life-narrative methods and concepts to explore how politically active adults attempt to construct meaningful lives.
本研究考察了从128名高度虔诚且政治活跃的成年人那里获得的生活叙事访谈，以测试政治保守派和自由派在以下方面的差异：（a）隐性家庭隐喻（G. 拉科夫，2002），以及（b）道德直觉（J. 海德特和C. 约瑟夫，2004）。对生活故事中12个关键场景的内容分析表明，正如预测的那样，保守派倾向于将权威人物描绘成道德规则的严格执行者，并认同自律方面的教训。相比之下，自由派更有可能认同关于同理心和开放性方面学到的教训，尽管（与预测相反）他们并不比保守派更有可能描述有养育之恩的权威人物。对宗教信仰和个人道德发展的扩展论述分析表明，保守派强调关于尊重社会等级制度、忠诚于内群体以及自我的纯洁或神圣性的道德直觉，而自由派则更看重关于伤害和公平的道德直觉。研究结果将根据心理学家最近对政治意识形态的兴趣高涨，以及使用生活叙事方法和概念来探索政治活跃的成年人如何试图构建有意义生活的价值进行讨论。
