Reis Harry T
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2008 Nov;12(4):311-29. doi: 10.1177/1088868308321721. Epub 2008 Sep 23.
The concept of situation has a long and venerable history in social psychology. The author argues that recent approaches to the concept of situation have confused certain important elements. Herein, the author proposes that attention to three of these elements will reinvigorate the concept of situation in social psychology: (a) that the analysis of situations should begin with their objective features; (b) that situations should be conceptualized as affordances; and (c) that the interpersonal core of situations, in particular the extent to which they are influenced by relationships, is the proper and most profitable focus for social psychology. These elements are consistent with recent developments in the study of situated social cognition and may help better define social psychology's position within the sciences.
情境概念在社会心理学中有着悠久而受尊崇的历史。作者认为，近期对情境概念的探讨混淆了某些重要元素。在此，作者提出关注其中三个元素将重振社会心理学中的情境概念：(a)情境分析应从其客观特征入手；(b)情境应被概念化为可供性；(c)情境的人际核心，尤其是它们受人际关系影响的程度，是社会心理学恰当且最具成效的关注点。这些元素与情境社会认知研究的近期发展相一致，可能有助于更好地界定社会心理学在各学科中的地位。
