Wong I C K, Wong L Y L, Cranswick N E
Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London and Taskforce in Europe for Drug Development for the Young, London, UK.
Arch Dis Child. 2009 Feb;94(2):161-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.116442. Epub 2008 Oct 1.
Medical errors are a major problem in the UK and other countries. Apart from the direct expense to the healthcare system, there are great personal costs to those involved including patients, their families and staff, and public confidence is undermined. Therefore, policy initiatives have been implemented to reduce such mistakes. Medication errors are thought to be the most common type of medical errors, with the majority of studies being conducted in adults. However, recent evidence highlights the fact that medication errors are also a significant problem in the paediatric population. This paper reviews the factors contributing to paediatric medication errors, including lack of appropriate paediatric formulations, communication issues between health professionals, dose calculation mistakes and inadequate clinical practice. This review will also discuss risk reduction strategies such as electronic prescribing and computerised physician order entry (CPOE) systems which can significantly reduce paediatric medication errors in conjunction with pharmacist monitoring, improved communication and environments which promote best practice.
医疗差错在英国及其他国家都是一个重大问题。除了给医疗系统带来直接费用外，对包括患者、其家属和医护人员在内的相关人员也造成了巨大的个人代价，并且公众信心也受到了损害。因此，已实施政策举措以减少此类错误。用药差错被认为是最常见的医疗差错类型，大多数研究是在成年人中进行的。然而，最近的证据凸显出用药差错在儿科人群中也是一个重大问题这一事实。本文综述了导致儿科用药差错的因素，包括缺乏合适的儿科剂型、医护人员之间的沟通问题、剂量计算错误以及临床实践不足。本综述还将讨论降低风险的策略，如电子处方和计算机化医师医嘱录入（CPOE）系统，这些系统与药剂师监测、改善沟通以及促进最佳实践的环境相结合，可显著减少儿科用药差错。
