Farrell Joanne B, Deshmukh Anjali, Baghaie Ali A
Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Marietta, Georgia
Diabetes Educ. 2008 Sep-Oct;34(5):799-806. doi: 10.1177/0145721708323100.
The purpose of this article is to describe androgen deficiency in men, the consequences of this clinically underdiagnosed endocrine disorder, and its relationship to the metabolic syndrome and the association with type 2 diabetes. An overview of prevalence, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of male hypogonadism is presented. Method Established guidelines were used to provide definition, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring information for male hypogonadism. A literature review from 1990 to 2007 revealed study findings that identify the link between low testosterone in men and the development of type 2 diabetes. The following databases were used to review and analyze the current literature: CINAHL, PubMed, and MEDLINE.
An analysis of 26 studies was completed. The key findings in all of these studies show that there is a link between low levels of testosterone and an adverse metabolic profile (ie, obesity and insulin resistance). There is evidence that hypogonadism is associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in men.
Male hypogonadism is a clinical condition that affects a significant number of men in the United States and can affect up to 50% of men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The implications for diabetes educators are two-fold: first, there is a high prevalence of low testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes, and second, educators need to have a better understanding of this disease state to provide instructional guidance for their patients and to coordinate care with other clinicians.
本文旨在描述男性雄激素缺乏症、这种临床诊断不足的内分泌疾病的后果，及其与代谢综合征的关系以及与2型糖尿病的关联。对男性性腺功能减退症的患病率、筛查、诊断、治疗及监测进行概述。
采用既定指南提供男性性腺功能减退症的定义、诊断、治疗及监测信息。对1990年至2007年的文献回顾揭示了确定男性低睾酮水平与2型糖尿病发生之间联系的研究结果。使用以下数据库回顾和分析当前文献：护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）和医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）。
完成了对26项研究的分析。所有这些研究中的关键发现表明，睾酮水平低与不良代谢状况（即肥胖和胰岛素抵抗）之间存在联系。有证据表明性腺功能减退症与男性的代谢综合征和2型糖尿病相关。
男性性腺功能减退症是一种临床病症，在美国影响着大量男性，并且在被诊断患有2型糖尿病的男性中，受影响比例可达50%。对糖尿病教育工作者而言，这具有两方面的意义：其一，2型糖尿病男性中低睾酮水平的患病率很高；其二，教育工作者需要更好地了解这种疾病状态，以便为其患者提供指导并与其他临床医生协调护理工作。
