Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
PLoS One. 2019 Sep 11;14(9):e0222410. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222410. eCollection 2019.
Oxidative stresses intensify the progression of diabetes-related behavioural changes and testicular injuries. Graviola (Annona muricata), a small tree of the Annonaceae family, has been investigated for its protective effects against diabetic complications, oxidative stress, and neuropathies. This study was planned to investigate the effects of graviola on behavioural alterations and testicular oxidative status of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats were equally allocated into four groups: control (received normal saline 8 ml/kg orally once daily), diabetic (received normal saline orally once daily), graviola (GR; received 100 mg/kg/day; orally once daily), and diabetic with graviola (Diabetic+GR; received 100 mg/kg/day; once daily). Behavioural functions were assessed using standard behavioural paradigms. Also, oxidative statuses of testis were evaluated. Results of behavioural observations showed that diabetes induced depression-like behaviours, reduction of exploratory and locomotor activities, decreased memory performance, and increased stress-linked behaviours. These variations in diabetic rats were happened due to oxidative stress. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic rats with graviola for four weeks alleviated all behavioural changes due to diabetes. Also, rats in graviola-treated groups had greater testicular testosterone and estradiol levels compared with diabetic rats due to significant rise in testicular acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 expression. In the same context, graviola enhanced the antioxidant status of testicular tissues by significantly restoring the testicular glutathione and total superoxide dismutase that fell during diabetes. In addition, Graviola significantly decreased the expression of apoptotic (Bax) and inflammatory (interleukin-1β) testicular genes. In conclusion, these data propose that both the hypoglycemic and antioxidative potential of graviola are possible mechanisms that improve behavioural alterations and protect testis in diabetic animals. Concomitantly, further clinical studies in human are required to validate the current study.
氧化应激会加剧与糖尿病相关的行为改变和睾丸损伤的进展。番荔枝（Annona muricata）是番荔枝科的小乔木，已被研究用于预防糖尿病并发症、氧化应激和神经病变。本研究旨在探讨番荔枝对链脲佐菌素（STZ；65mg/kg）诱导的糖尿病大鼠行为改变和睾丸氧化状态的影响。将 40 只成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠等分为 4 组：对照组（口服生理盐水 8ml/kg，每日 1 次）、糖尿病组（口服生理盐水，每日 1 次）、番荔枝组（GR；100mg/kg/天，口服，每日 1 次）和糖尿病加番荔枝组（糖尿病+GR；100mg/kg/天，口服，每日 1 次）。使用标准行为范式评估行为功能。还评估了睾丸的氧化状态。行为观察结果表明，糖尿病导致抑郁样行为、探索和运动活动减少、记忆能力下降以及应激相关行为增加。糖尿病大鼠的这些变化是由于氧化应激引起的。有趣的是，用番荔枝治疗糖尿病大鼠 4 周可缓解糖尿病引起的所有行为变化。此外，与糖尿病大鼠相比，番荔枝治疗组大鼠的睾丸睾酮和雌二醇水平更高，这是由于睾丸乙酰辅酶 A 乙酰转移酶 2 表达显著增加所致。在相同的情况下，番荔枝通过显著恢复糖尿病期间下降的睾丸谷胱甘肽和总超氧化物歧化酶来增强睾丸组织的抗氧化状态。此外，番荔枝显著降低了睾丸凋亡（Bax）和炎症（白细胞介素-1β）基因的表达。总之，这些数据表明，番荔枝的降血糖和抗氧化潜力可能是改善糖尿病动物行为改变和保护睾丸的机制。同时，需要在人类中进行进一步的临床研究来验证本研究。
