West John B
UCSD Dept. of Medicine 0623A, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Dec;105(6):1877-80. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91171.2008. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288) was an Arab physician who made several important contributions to the early knowledge of the pulmonary circulation. He was the first person to challenge the long-held contention of the Galen School that blood could pass through the cardiac interventricular septum, and in keeping with this he believed that all the blood that reached the left ventricle passed through the lung. He also stated that there must be small communications or pores (manafidh in Arabic) between the pulmonary artery and vein, a prediction that preceded by 400 years the discovery of the pulmonary capillaries by Marcello Malpighi. Ibn al-Nafis and another eminent physiologist of the period, Avicenna (ca. 980-1037), belong to the long period between the enormously influential school of Galen in the 2nd century, and the European scientific Renaissance in the 16th century. This is an epoch often given little attention by physiologists but is known to some historians as the Islamic Golden Age. Its importance is briefly discussed here.
伊本·纳菲斯（1213 - 1288）是一位阿拉伯医生，他对肺循环的早期认识做出了几项重要贡献。他是第一个对盖伦学派长期以来认为血液可以穿过心脏室间隔的观点提出质疑的人，基于此，他认为所有到达左心室的血液都通过肺部。他还指出，肺动脉和静脉之间必定存在微小的连通或孔隙（阿拉伯语为manafidh），这一预测比马尔切洛·马尔皮基发现肺毛细血管早了400年。伊本·纳菲斯与该时期的另一位杰出生理学家阿维森纳（约980 - 1037），处于2世纪极具影响力的盖伦学派和16世纪欧洲科学复兴之间的漫长时期。这个时代常常被生理学家们忽视，但一些历史学家将其称为伊斯兰黄金时代。在此简要讨论一下它的重要性。
