Monk T H, Reynolds C F, Buysse D J, Hoch C C, Jarrett D B, Jennings J R, Kupfer D J
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
J Gerontol. 1991 Sep;46(5):M171-5. doi: 10.1093/geronj/46.5.m171.
Thirty-four healthy older adults (self-described "good sleepers") in their ninth decade of life (16m/18f, mean age 83.1) were compared to 30 young controls in their third decade (21m/9f, mean age 25.5) with regard to: (a) circadian and personality characteristics as measured by the Horne-Ostberg Morningness Questionnaire (HOM), Circadian Type Questionnaire (CTQ) and Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI); (b) measures of habitual bedtime, waketime, and time in bed from a 2-week sleep diary; and (c) polysomnographic measures from a (post-adaptation) night of sleep recording in the laboratory. In almost all laboratory measures the older group slept poorly compared with the young, acquiring about one hour less total recorded sleep. The older group showed earlier habitual time of waking than the young, and showed higher (more "morning-type") scores on test instruments (HOM, CTQ-M) designed to assess morning-evening orientation. They also showed a lack of flexibility in sleep patterns (higher CTQ-Rs score) and less intersubject and intrasubject variability in habitual sleep timing compared to the young. Older subjects' morningness test scores were significantly associated with objectively measured sleep durations, with a tendency toward "morning-type" circadian orientation being associated with longer sleep.
将34名90岁左右的健康老年人（自称“睡眠良好者”）（16名男性/18名女性，平均年龄83.1岁）与30名30岁左右的年轻对照组（21名男性/9名女性，平均年龄25.5岁）进行比较，比较内容包括：(a) 通过霍恩-奥斯特伯格晨型问卷（HOM）、昼夜节律类型问卷（CTQ）和艾森克人格问卷（EPI）测量的昼夜节律和人格特征；(b) 从为期2周的睡眠日记中获取的习惯性就寝时间、起床时间和卧床时间；(c) 在实验室进行的（适应后）一晚睡眠记录的多导睡眠图测量。在几乎所有实验室测量中，老年组的睡眠质量都比年轻组差，记录的总睡眠时间少约一小时。老年组的习惯性起床时间比年轻组早，并且在旨在评估晨-昏倾向的测试工具（HOM、CTQ-M）上得分更高（更“晨型”）。与年轻组相比，他们在睡眠模式上也缺乏灵活性（CTQ-Rs得分更高），并且习惯性睡眠时间的个体间和个体内变异性更小。老年受试者的晨型测试得分与客观测量的睡眠时间显著相关，“晨型”昼夜节律倾向与更长的睡眠时间相关。
