Carrier J, Monk T H, Buysse D J, Kupfer D J
Sleep and Chronobiology Centre, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
J Sleep Res. 1997 Dec;6(4):230-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.1997.00230.x.
The following four issues were assessed in a group of 110 adults between the age of 20 and 59y: (1) the effect of age (regarded as a continuous variable) on polysomnographic sleep characteristics, habitual sleep-diary patterns, and subjective sleep quality; (2) the effects of age on morningness-eveningness; (3) the effects of morningness-eveningness on sleep, after controlling for the effects of age; and (4) the role of morningness-eveningness as a mediator of the age and sleep relationship. Increasing age was related to earlier habitual waketime, earlier bedtime, less time in bed and better mood and alertness at waketime. In the laboratory, increasing age was associated with less time asleep, increased number of awakenings, decreased sleep efficiency, lower percentages of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, higher percentages of Stage 1 and 2, shorter REM latency and reduced REM activity and density. Increasing age was also associated with higher morningness scores. After controlling for the effects of age, morningness was associated with earlier waketime, earlier bedtime, less time in bed, better alertness at waketime, less time spent asleep, more wake in the last 2 h of sleep, decreased REM activity, less stage REM (min and percentage), more Stage 1 (min and percentage) and fewer minutes of Stage 2. For one set of variables (night time in bed, waketime, total sleep time, wake in the last 2 h of sleep and minutes of REM and REM activity), morningness-eveningness accounted for about half of the relationship between age and sleep. For another set of variables (bedtime, alertness at waketime, percentages of REM and Stage 1), morningness-eveningness accounted for the entire relationship between age and sleep. In conclusion, age and morningness were both important predictors of the habitual sleep patterns and polysomnographic sleep characteristics of people in the middle years of life (20-59 y).
在一组110名年龄在20至59岁之间的成年人中，对以下四个问题进行了评估：(1)年龄（视为连续变量）对多导睡眠图睡眠特征、习惯性睡眠日记模式和主观睡眠质量的影响；(2)年龄对晨型-夜型的影响；(3)在控制年龄影响后，晨型-夜型对睡眠的影响；(4)晨型-夜型作为年龄与睡眠关系中介的作用。年龄增长与更早的习惯性起床时间、更早的就寝时间、在床上的时间减少以及起床时更好的情绪和警觉性有关。在实验室中，年龄增长与睡眠时间减少、觉醒次数增加、睡眠效率降低、慢波睡眠(SWS)和快速眼动(REM)睡眠百分比降低、第1和2阶段百分比升高、REM潜伏期缩短以及REM活动和密度降低有关。年龄增长还与更高的晨型得分有关。在控制年龄影响后，晨型与更早的起床时间、更早的就寝时间、在床上的时间减少、起床时更好的警觉性、睡眠时间减少、睡眠最后2小时内更多的觉醒、REM活动减少、REM阶段更少（分钟数和百分比）、第1阶段更多（分钟数和百分比）以及第2阶段分钟数更少有关。对于一组变量（在床上的夜间时间、起床时间、总睡眠时间、睡眠最后2小时内的觉醒、REM分钟数和REM活动），晨型-夜型约占年龄与睡眠关系的一半。对于另一组变量（就寝时间、起床时的警觉性、REM和第1阶段的百分比），晨型-夜型占年龄与睡眠之间的全部关系。总之，年龄和晨型都是中年（20-59岁）人群习惯性睡眠模式和多导睡眠图睡眠特征的重要预测因素。
