Gilbert G L
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Vaccine. 1991 Jun;9 Suppl:S10-3; discussion S25. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(91)90173-4.
The epidemiology of infection due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) varies in different groups of Australian and New Zealand children. In most populations the annual case attack rate is approximately 40-60 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age and epiglottitis accounts for a relatively high but variable proportion of cases, which partly depends on case definition. Overall, nearly 50% of cases occur in children over 2 years of age. Among Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory, the epidemiology is strikingly different. The annual case attack rate is approximately 450 per 100,000 children under 5 years and varies in different geographical areas. Most cases occur in the first year of life (40% at less than 6 months) and epiglottitis is rare. The case attack rate in non-Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory (88 per 100,000) is significantly less than in Aboriginal children but higher than elsewhere. The differences between Maori and Caucasian children in New Zealand are less marked. Different immunization strategies may be required for children in different populations within Australia and New Zealand.
澳大利亚和新西兰不同群体儿童中，b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）感染的流行病学情况有所不同。在大多数人群中，5岁以下儿童的年发病率约为每10万人40 - 60例，会厌炎在病例中所占比例相对较高，但比例不一，部分取决于病例定义。总体而言，近50%的病例发生在2岁以上儿童中。在北领地的原住民儿童中，流行病学情况显著不同。5岁以下儿童的年发病率约为每10万人450例，且在不同地理区域有所差异。大多数病例发生在生命的第一年（6个月以下婴儿中占40%），会厌炎较为罕见。北领地非原住民儿童的发病率（每10万人88例）明显低于原住民儿童，但高于其他地区。新西兰毛利儿童和白种儿童之间的差异不太明显。澳大利亚和新西兰不同人群的儿童可能需要不同的免疫策略。
