Jerant-Patić Vera
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2008 May;136 Suppl 2:171-81. doi: 10.2298/sarh08s2171j.
Virus infections are the most common human diseases, particularly acute respiratory infections (mostly in children and young adults). Virus infections of the upper respiratory tract in children are proved in 77.4%, viral bronchitis in 58.6%, viral pneumonia in 47.6% and febrile conditions with lymphadenopathy in 44.1% patients. Current studies show that virus infections can cause not only acute, but also persistent virus diseases. A certain number of viruses are able to incorporate their nucleic acid into the genome of the host-cell, leading to rearrangement of the cell genes and formation of malignant tumors. In women with cervical changes, by application of hybridization technique in situ, the most frequently identified virus genotypes are human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 (in 21.67%), genotypes 6 and 11 in 8.33% and genotypes 31, 33 and 35 in 3.33% examined women. Viral persistence can cause manifestations of latent or chronic infections, as well as prion-caused slow infections of the central nervous system. Defective particles play an important role in maintaining viral persistence. Viruses are important agents involved in various disorders of the immunological homeostasis of the organism. Recent knowledge described in SARS infected patients indicates that induction of the so-called TH2 cytokine profile can be responsible for death of infected patients.
病毒感染是最常见的人类疾病，尤其是急性呼吸道感染（主要发生在儿童和年轻人中）。在儿童中，77.4%的患者被证实存在上呼吸道病毒感染，58.6%的患者有病毒性支气管炎，47.6%的患者有病毒性肺炎，44.1%的患者有伴有淋巴结病的发热状况。目前的研究表明，病毒感染不仅会导致急性疾病，还会引发持续性病毒疾病。一定数量的病毒能够将其核酸整合到宿主细胞的基因组中，导致细胞基因重排并形成恶性肿瘤。在宫颈病变的女性中，通过原位杂交技术检测，最常发现的病毒基因型是人类乳头瘤病毒16型和18型（占检测女性的21.67%），6型和11型占8.33%，31型、33型和35型占3.33%。病毒持续性可导致潜伏或慢性感染的表现，以及朊病毒引起的中枢神经系统缓慢感染。缺陷颗粒在维持病毒持续性方面起着重要作用。病毒是参与机体免疫稳态各种紊乱的重要因素。近期关于非典感染患者的研究表明，所谓的TH2细胞因子谱的诱导可能是感染患者死亡的原因。
