Benton Stephen L, Downey Ronald G, Glider Peggy J, Benton Sherry A
Department of Special Education, Counseling, and Student Affairs, Kansas State University, 1100 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5312, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Nov;69(6):859-65. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.859.
This study examined whether college students' descriptive norm perceptions of protective behavioral drinking strategies explain variance in use of such strategies, controlling for covariates of students' gender, typical number of drinks, and negative drinking consequences.
Derivation (n = 7,960; 55.2% women) and replication (n = 8,534; 54.5% women) samples of undergraduate students completed the Campus Alcohol Survey in classroom settings. Students estimated how frequently other students used each of nine protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and how frequently they themselves used each strategy.
All items assessing norm perception of PBS (NPPBS) had pattern matrix coefficients exceeding .50 on a single factor, and all contributed to the overall scale reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .81). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated NPPBS explained significant variance in PBS, controlling for covariates, and explained an additional 7% of variance (p < .001). A Gender x Scale (PBS, NPPBS) repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed students believed peers used PBS less frequently than they themselves did (eta(p) (2) = .091, p < .001). Such social distancing was greater in women (omega(effect) (2) = .151, p < .001) than in men (omega(effect) (2) = .001, p < .001).
Consistent with the principle of false uniqueness, whereby individuals regard their own positive characteristics as rare, college students-especially women-underestimate how frequently other students use PBS. Such norm misperception may enhance students' feelings of competence and self-esteem. The positive relationship between NPPBS and PBS indicates students with high NPPBS are more likely to use the strategies themselves.
本研究探讨了大学生对保护性饮酒策略的描述性规范认知是否能解释这些策略使用情况的差异，并控制了学生性别、典型饮酒量和负面饮酒后果等协变量。
本科生的衍生样本（n = 7960；55.2%为女性）和重复样本（n = 8534；54.5%为女性）在课堂环境中完成了校园酒精调查。学生们估计其他学生使用九种保护性饮酒策略（PBS）中每种策略的频率，以及他们自己使用每种策略的频率。
所有评估PBS规范认知（NPPBS）的项目在单个因素上的模式矩阵系数均超过0.50，且所有项目都有助于提高总体量表的信度（克朗巴哈系数α = 0.81）。分层回归分析表明，在控制协变量的情况下，NPPBS能解释PBS使用情况的显著差异，并额外解释了7%的差异（p < 0.001）。一项性别×量表（PBS、NPPBS）重复测量方差分析显示，学生们认为同龄人使用PBS的频率低于他们自己（η(p)(2) = 0.091，p < 0.001）。这种社会距离在女性中（ω(effect)(2) = 0.151，p < 0.001）比在男性中（ω(effect)(2) = 0.001，p < 0.001）更大。
与错误独特性原则一致，即个体认为自己的积极特征是罕见的，大学生尤其是女性低估了其他学生使用PBS的频率。这种规范误解可能会增强学生的能力感和自尊。NPPBS与PBS之间的正相关关系表明，NPPBS得分高的学生更有可能自己使用这些策略。
