Levy Barry S, Sidel Victor W
Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30:123-36. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100147.
Armed combat (also termed war or armed conflict) has profound direct and indirect impacts on the long-term physical and mental health of both military personnel and noncombatant civilians. Although most research has focused on immediate and short-term health consequences of war, an increasing number of studies have focused on the long-term health consequences for both veterans of military service and noncombatant civilians. However, these long-term studies focus almost entirely on posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems; relatively few long-term studies have focused on physical injuries due to war and the impact of those injuries on relationships, work, and other aspects of life. This article reviews illustrative examples of the existing literature on these long-term health consequences of war, focusing not only on military veterans of several different armed conflicts but also on noncombatant civilian populations, including spouses and children of military veterans as well as refugees and internally displaced persons. Public health professionals can help address these problems.
武装冲突（也称为战争或武装争斗）对军事人员和非战斗平民的长期身心健康有着深远的直接和间接影响。尽管大多数研究都集中在战争对健康的即时和短期后果上，但越来越多的研究开始关注军事服役退伍军人和非战斗平民的长期健康后果。然而，这些长期研究几乎完全集中在创伤后应激障碍和其他心理健康问题上；相对较少的长期研究关注战争造成的身体伤害以及这些伤害对人际关系、工作和生活其他方面的影响。本文回顾了关于战争这些长期健康后果的现有文献中的示例，不仅关注参与过不同武装冲突的退伍军人，还关注非战斗平民群体，包括退伍军人的配偶和子女以及难民和境内流离失所者。公共卫生专业人员可以帮助解决这些问题。
