Maquestiaux François, Laguë-Beauvais Maude, Ruthruff Eric, Bherer Louis
UFR STAPS de l'Université Paris-Sud, JE 2494, Bâtiment 335, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Mem Cognit. 2008 Oct;36(7):1262-82. doi: 10.3758/MC.36.7.1262.
In this research, the controversial issue of whether the central bottleneck can be bypassed through task automatization was investigated. To examine this issue, participants received six single-task practice sessions with an auditory-vocal task (low vs. high pitch). We then assessed dual-task performance using the analytically tractable psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, in which the highly practiced auditory-vocal task was presented as Task 2, along with an unpracticed visual-manual Task 1. The results provide evidence of bottleneck bypass for virtually all the participants (17 out of 20). Several converging tests suggest that the bottleneck reemerged, however, in a follow-up experiment with tasks presented in the opposite order (auditory-vocal Task 1 and visual-manual Task 2). One possible explanation is that tasks greedily recruit central resources when available, even though they can operate without central resources when unavailable.
在本研究中，我们调查了一个有争议的问题，即中央瓶颈是否可以通过任务自动化来绕过。为了研究这个问题，参与者接受了六次单任务练习，任务是听觉-发声任务（低音与高音）。然后，我们使用易于分析的心理不应期（PRP）范式评估双任务表现，其中高度练习的听觉-发声任务作为任务2呈现，同时还有一个未练习的视觉-手动任务1。结果为几乎所有参与者（20人中的17人）提供了瓶颈绕过的证据。然而，在后续实验中，当任务以相反顺序呈现（听觉-发声任务1和视觉-手动任务2）时，几个趋同测试表明瓶颈再次出现。一种可能的解释是，任务在有可用资源时会贪婪地占用中央资源，即使在没有中央资源时它们也可以运行。
