Walker Matthew P
Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
Sleep Med. 2008 Sep;9 Suppl 1:S29-34. doi: 10.1016/S1389-9457(08)70014-5.
Although we still lack any consensus function(s) for sleep, accumulating evidence suggests it plays an important role in homeostatic restoration, thermoregulation, tissue repair, immune control and memory processing. In the last decade an increasing number of reports continue to support a bidirectional and symbiotic relationship between sleep and memory. Studies using procedural and declarative learning tasks have demonstrated the need for sleep after learning in the offline consolidation of new memories. Furthermore, these consolidation benefits appear to be mediated by an overnight neural reorganization of memory that may result in a more efficient storage of information, affording improved next-day recall. Sleep before learning also appears to be critical for brain functioning. Specifically, one night of sleep deprivation markedly impairs hippocampal function, imposing a deficit in the ability to commit new experiences to memory. Taken together, these observations are of particular ecologic importance from a professional and education perspective when considering that sleep time continues to decrease across all age ranges throughout industrialized nations.
尽管我们仍未就睡眠的任何共识功能达成一致，但越来越多的证据表明，睡眠在体内平衡恢复、体温调节、组织修复、免疫控制和记忆处理中起着重要作用。在过去十年中，越来越多的报告继续支持睡眠与记忆之间的双向共生关系。使用程序性和陈述性学习任务的研究表明，在学习后进行离线巩固新记忆时需要睡眠。此外，这些巩固益处似乎是由记忆的夜间神经重组介导的，这可能导致信息存储更高效，从而提高次日的回忆能力。学习前的睡眠对大脑功能似乎也至关重要。具体而言，一晚的睡眠剥夺会显著损害海马体功能，使将新体验记忆下来的能力出现缺陷。综合来看，考虑到工业化国家所有年龄段的睡眠时间都在持续减少，从职业和教育角度来看，这些观察结果具有特别重要的生态学意义。
