Kinney Patrick L
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2008 Nov;35(5):459-67. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.025.
Weather and climate play important roles in determining patterns of air quality over multiple scales in time and space, owing to the fact that emissions, transport, dilution, chemical transformation, and eventual deposition of air pollutants all can be influenced by meteorologic variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and mixing height. There is growing recognition that development of optimal control strategies for key pollutants like ozone and fine particles now requires assessment of potential future climate conditions and their influence on the attainment of air quality objectives. In addition, other air contaminants of relevance to human health, including smoke from wildfires and airborne pollens and molds, may be influenced by climate change. In this study, the focus is on the ways in which health-relevant measures of air quality, including ozone, particulate matter, and aeroallergens, may be affected by climate variability and change. The small but growing literature focusing on climate impacts on air quality, how these influences may play out in future decades, and the implications for human health is reviewed. Based on the observed and anticipated impacts, adaptation strategies and research needs are discussed.
天气和气候在决定空气质量在时间和空间上的多尺度模式方面起着重要作用，这是因为空气污染物的排放、传输、稀释、化学转化以及最终沉降都可能受到温度、湿度、风速和风向以及混合高度等气象变量的影响。人们越来越认识到，制定针对臭氧和细颗粒物等关键污染物的最佳控制策略，现在需要评估潜在的未来气候条件及其对实现空气质量目标的影响。此外，与人类健康相关的其他空气污染物，包括野火烟雾、空气传播的花粉和霉菌，可能会受到气候变化的影响。在本研究中，重点关注与健康相关的空气质量指标，包括臭氧、颗粒物和气敏原，可能受到气候变率和变化影响的方式。本文回顾了关于气候对空气质量的影响、这些影响在未来几十年可能如何显现以及对人类健康的影响的少量但不断增加的文献。基于观察到以及预期的影响，讨论了适应策略和研究需求。
