Parsek Matthew R, Tolker-Nielsen Tim
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008 Dec;11(6):560-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.015. Epub 2008 Nov 6.
Bacteria are capable of forming elaborate multicellular communities called biofilms. Pattern formation in biofilms depends on cell proliferation and cellular migration in response to the available nutrients and other external cues, as well as on self-generated intercellular signal molecules and the production of an extracellular matrix that serves as a structural 'scaffolding' for the biofilm cells. Pattern formation in biofilms allows cells to position themselves favorably within nutrient gradients and enables buildup and maintenance of physiologically distinct subpopulations, which facilitates survival of one or more subpopulations upon environmental insult, and therefore plays an important role in the innate tolerance displayed by biofilms toward adverse conditions.
细菌能够形成称为生物膜的复杂多细胞群落。生物膜中的模式形成取决于细胞增殖和细胞迁移，这是对可用营养物质和其他外部信号的响应，还取决于自身产生的细胞间信号分子以及细胞外基质的产生，该细胞外基质作为生物膜细胞的结构“支架”。生物膜中的模式形成使细胞能够在营养梯度中有利地定位自身，并能够建立和维持生理上不同的亚群，这有助于一个或多个亚群在环境损伤后存活，因此在生物膜对不利条件的固有耐受性中发挥重要作用。
