Ansari Rizwan A, Kaur Manpreet, Ahmad Firoz, Rahman Shakilur, Rashid Hina, Islam Fakhrul, Raisuddin Sheikh
Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India.
Environ Toxicol. 2009 Oct;24(5):429-36. doi: 10.1002/tox.20445.
Deltamethrin, an alpha-cyano class of pyrethroid insecticide is used in insect pest control and antimalaria programs in several countries including India. Although various toxic manifestations of deltamethrin are reported in mammals, its ecotoxicologic dimensions are not adequately researched in ecologically and commercially important fishes. In this study, we report genotoxic effect of deltamethrin in a biomarker fish Channa punctata (Bloch). Adult fish were exposed to three concentrations of technical grade deltamethrin (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 microg/L) for 48 and 72 h. Ethyl methane sulfonate was used as a positive control. Fish were analyzed for induction of micronucleus (MN), nuclear abnormalities (NAs), and oxidative stress biomarkers in erythrocytes. Deltamethrin significantly induced MN and NAs accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation. Activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased but an increase was observed in reduced glutathione level after 72 h of exposure. The NAs in exposed fish included blebbed, lobed and notched nuclei, and binucleated erythrocytes. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress may, in part, be contributing to deltamethrin-induced genotoxic damage to erythrocytes. Although MN induction is a nonspecific biomarker, it may provide an indication of pollution load of deltamethrin in the affected fish population when used as part of suite of other biomarkers.
溴氰菊酯是一种α-氰基类拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂，在包括印度在内的多个国家用于害虫防治和抗疟疾项目。尽管溴氰菊酯在哺乳动物身上有各种毒性表现，但其对具有生态和商业重要性的鱼类的生态毒理学影响尚未得到充分研究。在本研究中，我们报告了溴氰菊酯对一种生物标志物鱼——斑点叉尾鮰（布洛赫）的遗传毒性作用。成年鱼暴露于三种浓度的工业级溴氰菊酯（0.4、0.8和1.2微克/升）中48小时和72小时。使用甲基磺酸乙酯作为阳性对照。分析鱼红细胞中的微核（MN）诱导、核异常（NAs）和氧化应激生物标志物。溴氰菊酯显著诱导MN和NAs，并伴有脂质过氧化增加。抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶的活性显著降低，但暴露72小时后还原型谷胱甘肽水平有所增加。暴露鱼的NAs包括有泡状、叶状和缺口的细胞核以及双核红细胞。我们的研究结果表明，氧化应激可能在一定程度上导致溴氰菊酯对红细胞的遗传毒性损伤。虽然MN诱导是一种非特异性生物标志物，但当作为其他生物标志物组合的一部分使用时，它可能为受影响鱼群中溴氰菊酯的污染负荷提供一个指标。
