Specht Christian G, Triller Antoine
Inserm U789, Biologie Cellulaire de la Synapse, Ecole Normale Supérieure ENS, Paris, France.
Bioessays. 2008 Nov;30(11-12):1062-74. doi: 10.1002/bies.20831.
Complex functions of the central nervous system such as learning and memory are believed to result from the modulation of the synaptic transmission between neurons. The sequence of events leading to the fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone and the detection of this signal at the postsynaptic density involve the activity of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Their accumulation and dynamic exchange at synapses are dependent on their interaction with synaptic scaffolds. These are synaptic structures composed of adaptor proteins that provide binding sites for receptors and channels as well as other synaptic proteins. While in its entirety the synaptic scaffold is a relatively stable structure, individual adaptor proteins exchange at a fast time scale. These properties of scaffolds help to ensure the stability of synaptic transmission while permitting the modulation of synaptic strength. Here, we review the dynamics of the synaptic scaffold and of adaptor proteins in relation to their roles in the organisation of the synapse as well as in the clustering and trafficking of receptor proteins.
中枢神经系统的复杂功能，如学习和记忆，被认为是由神经元之间突触传递的调节所导致的。导致突触小泡在突触前活性区融合以及在突触后致密区检测到该信号的一系列事件涉及离子通道和神经递质受体的活性。它们在突触处的积累和动态交换取决于它们与突触支架的相互作用。这些是由衔接蛋白组成的突触结构，为受体、通道以及其他突触蛋白提供结合位点。虽然整个突触支架是一个相对稳定的结构，但单个衔接蛋白会在快速的时间尺度上进行交换。支架的这些特性有助于确保突触传递的稳定性，同时允许对突触强度进行调节。在这里，我们综述突触支架和衔接蛋白的动态变化，以及它们在突触组织、受体蛋白的聚集和运输中的作用。
