Faílde-Garrido José M, Alvarez Marina Rodríguez, Simón-López Miguel A
Department of Analysis and Intervention Psychosocial-Educational, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Oct;62(5):494-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01841.x.
Research into neuropsychological consequences of HIV has focused mainly on male subjects, and therefore very little is known about the disease in female subjects and, of course, about gender differences. The aim of the present research was therefore to investigate neuropsychological impairment rates and pattern in HIV male and female patients, with regard to the study of gender differences in tasks assessing attention, memory for texts, digits and words, psychomotor speed, verbal intelligence and abstract reasoning.
A clinical sample was recruited consisting of 122 subjects, divided into four groups: (i) 57 HIV+ men; (ii) 31 HIV+ women; (iii) 18 HIV- men and (iv) 16 HIV- women. All the subjects had more than 18 years, being the average of age of 34.08 for men and 33.35 for women. The evaluation of each subject consisted of a semistructured interview investigating sociodemographic, clinical and toxicological aspects and a neuropsychological assessment, with a battery of tests specifically selected for this study and chosen for their validity and because they have been shown to be sensitive to neuropsychological impairment in HIV-infected patients in other studies.
None of HIV- male and female groups fulfilled impairment criteria. Regarding the HIV+ group, a rate of neuropsychological impairment of 51.9% was obtained for the men and 54.8% for the women, but there were no significant differences between groups. Nevertheless, were detected significant differences in neuropsychological impairment rates between HIV+ and HIV- women, and also between HIV+ and HIV- men. Although HIV+ women presented multiple factors that could increase their neuropsychological vulnerability to the effects of HIV, HIV+ men had the same probability of having neuropsychological impairment as HIV+ women.
A different neuropsychological impairment pattern was detected between genders: while HIV+ men had greater impairment in visual memory, attention, psychomotor speed and abstract reasoning, HIV+ women had greater impairment on attention, psychomotor speed and verbal memory for texts.
对HIV神经心理学后果的研究主要集中在男性受试者身上，因此，对于女性受试者的该疾病情况，以及性别差异，我们知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是调查HIV男性和女性患者的神经心理学损伤率及模式，以研究在评估注意力、文本记忆、数字和单词记忆、心理运动速度、语言智力和抽象推理的任务中的性别差异。
招募了一个临床样本，由122名受试者组成，分为四组：（i）57名HIV阳性男性；（ii）31名HIV阳性女性；（iii）18名HIV阴性男性和（iv）16名HIV阴性女性。所有受试者年龄均超过18岁，男性平均年龄为34.08岁，女性平均年龄为33.35岁。对每个受试者的评估包括一次半结构化访谈，调查社会人口学、临床和毒理学方面，以及一次神经心理学评估，使用一组专门为本研究选择的测试，这些测试因其有效性而被选中，并且在其他研究中已被证明对HIV感染患者的神经心理学损伤敏感。
HIV阴性的男性和女性组均未达到损伤标准。对于HIV阳性组，男性的神经心理学损伤率为51.9%，女性为54.8%，但两组之间无显著差异。然而，在HIV阳性和阴性女性之间，以及HIV阳性和阴性男性之间，神经心理学损伤率存在显著差异。尽管HIV阳性女性存在多种可能增加其对HIV影响的神经心理学易感性的因素，但HIV阳性男性出现神经心理学损伤的概率与HIV阳性女性相同。
在性别之间检测到不同的神经心理学损伤模式：HIV阳性男性在视觉记忆、注意力、心理运动速度和抽象推理方面损伤更大，而HIV阳性女性在注意力、心理运动速度和文本语言记忆方面损伤更大。
