Hanley Christopher S, Siudak-Campfield Joanna, Paul-Murphy Joanne, Vaughan Christopher, Ramirez Oscar, Keuler Nicholas S, Sladky Kurt K
Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2008 Oct;44(4):938-45. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.938.
Free-ranging Hoffmann's two-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni; n=26) and brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus; n=15) were manually captured and immobilized with 2.5 mg/kg ketamine + 0.02 mg/kg medetomidine administered intramuscularly. Physical examinations were conducted on each sloth 10 min after initial injection, and blood, fecal, and ectoparasite samples were collected. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, indirect systolic blood pressure, and indirect peripheral oxygen saturation were monitored every 5 min for the duration of anesthesia. After 45 min, atipamazole (0.1 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly, as an antagonist to medetomidine, in order to facilitate recovery. All recoveries were smooth, rapid, and uneventful. Physiologic parameters were compared across time, gender, and species. All sloths, regardless of species and gender, demonstrated a time-dependent decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, and an increase in respiratory rate, during the course of anesthesia. Peripheral oxygen saturation was similar for all sloths over time. There were significant species differences for heart rate (Choloepus > Bradypus), respiratory rate (Choloepus > Bradypus), and systolic blood pressure (Bradypus > Choloepus), while there were significant gender differences for body temperature (males > females) and blood pressure (males > females). Results of this study suggest that the ketamine-medetomidine mixture, as described above, is a safe and effective anesthetic combination in free-ranging two- and three-toed sloths, although peripheral blood pressure should be monitored during anesthesia.
对野生霍夫曼二趾树懒（霍氏树懒，Choloepus hoffmanni；n = 26）和褐喉三趾树懒（褐喉树懒，Bradypus variegatus；n = 15）进行人工捕捉，并通过肌肉注射2.5 mg/kg氯胺酮 + 0.02 mg/kg美托咪定使其麻醉。初次注射10分钟后对每只树懒进行体格检查，并采集血液、粪便和体外寄生虫样本。在麻醉期间，每5分钟监测一次心率、呼吸频率、体温、间接收缩压和间接外周血氧饱和度。45分钟后，肌肉注射阿替派唑（0.1 mg/kg）作为美托咪定的拮抗剂，以促进恢复。所有恢复过程均顺利、迅速且无异常。对生理参数在时间、性别和物种间进行了比较。所有树懒，无论物种和性别，在麻醉过程中均表现出心率和血压随时间下降，呼吸频率增加。随着时间推移，所有树懒的外周血氧饱和度相似。心率（霍氏树懒＞褐喉树懒）、呼吸频率（霍氏树懒＞褐喉树懒）和收缩压（褐喉树懒＞霍氏树懒）存在显著的物种差异，而体温（雄性＞雌性）和血压（雄性＞雌性）存在显著的性别差异。本研究结果表明，上述氯胺酮 - 美托咪定混合物在野生二趾和三趾树懒中是一种安全有效的麻醉组合，尽管在麻醉期间应监测外周血压。
