Squire L R, Zola-Morgan S
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161.
Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1380-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1896849.
Studies of human amnesia and studies of an animal model of human amnesia in the monkey have identified the anatomical components of the brain system for memory in the medial temporal lobe and have illuminated its function. This neural system consists of the hippocampus and adjacent, anatomically related cortex, including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. These structures, presumably by virtue of their widespread and reciprocal connections with neocortex, are essential for establishing long-term memory for facts and events (declarative memory). The medial temporal lobe memory system is needed to bind together the distributed storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory. However, the role of this system is only temporary. As time passes after learning, memory stored in neocortex gradually becomes independent of medial temporal lobe structures.
对人类失忆症的研究以及对猴子身上人类失忆症动物模型的研究，已经确定了内侧颞叶中大脑记忆系统的解剖学组成部分，并阐明了其功能。这个神经系统由海马体以及相邻的、解剖学上相关的皮质组成，包括内嗅皮质、嗅周皮质和海马旁皮质。这些结构大概凭借它们与新皮质广泛的相互连接，对于建立事实和事件的长期记忆（陈述性记忆）至关重要。内侧颞叶记忆系统对于将新皮质中代表完整记忆的分散存储位点整合在一起是必需的。然而，这个系统的作用只是暂时的。随着学习后时间的推移，存储在新皮质中的记忆逐渐变得独立于内侧颞叶结构。
