Grossman Linda S, Harrow Martin, Rosen Cherise, Faull Robert, Strauss Gregory P
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 2008 Nov-Dec;49(6):523-9. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.03.004. Epub 2008 Jun 3.
This longitudinal study was designed to provide data on sex differences in the course of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Ninety-seven participants (43 women and 54 men) were assessed during index hospitalization when they were in the acute phase of illness and then reassessed prospectively at 6 consecutive follow-ups over a 20-year period. Patients were evaluated by a series of standardized measures on many aspects of illness including the presence of psychosis, global outcome, and rate of recovery. When women were compared to men in this sample, the data demonstrated a lower percentage of psychotic activity for women over the course of illness (significant at the 7.5- and 20-year follow-ups), and a significant improvement in psychotic activity over 20 years for women (P < .05), but not for men. In addition, women showed significantly better global functioning (P < .05) at 3 of the 6 follow-ups (the 2-, 7.5-, and 10-year follow-ups). Significantly higher percentages (P < .05) of women were in recovery at 2 of the 6 follow-up years (the 2- and 10-year follow-ups). Cumulatively, 61% of the women with schizophrenia showed a period of recovery at some point during the 20-year period compared to 41% of the men. The sex difference patterns were similar for patients with schizophrenia and for those with other types of psychotic disorders. Sex differences in this sample were specifically not attributable to differences in age of onset or premorbid developmental achievements.
这项纵向研究旨在提供有关精神分裂症和其他精神障碍病程中性别差异的数据。97名参与者（43名女性和54名男性）在首次住院时处于疾病急性期接受评估，随后在20年期间进行了连续6次前瞻性随访重新评估。通过一系列标准化措施对患者在疾病的许多方面进行评估，包括精神病症状的存在、总体结局和康复率。在这个样本中，将女性与男性进行比较时，数据显示女性在病程中精神病活动的百分比更低（在7.5年和20年随访时具有显著性），并且女性在20年期间精神病活动有显著改善（P <.05），而男性没有。此外，在6次随访中的3次（2年、7.5年和10年随访），女性的总体功能显著更好（P <.05）。在6次随访年份中的2次（2年和10年随访），女性康复的百分比显著更高（P <.05）。累积来看，61%的精神分裂症女性在20年期间的某个时间点出现过康复期，而男性为41%。精神分裂症患者和其他类型精神障碍患者的性别差异模式相似。该样本中的性别差异具体并非归因于发病年龄或病前发育成就的差异。
