Desaules André, Ammann Stefan, Blum Franziska, Brändli Rahel C, Bucheli Thomas D, Keller Armin
Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland.
J Environ Monit. 2008 Nov;10(11):1265-77. doi: 10.1039/b807206j. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
The surface soil concentrations (0-20 cm) of the Swiss soil monitoring network (NABO) with 105 observation sites representing all major land use types ranged for the sum of 16 EPA PAH (PAH(16)) from 32 to 8465 microg kg(-1) (median 163 microg kg(-1)), for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from 0.5 to 1129 microg kg(-1) (median 13 microg kg(-1)) and for the sum of seven IRMM PCB (PCB(7)) from 0.5 to 12 microg kg(-1) (median 1.6 microg kg(-1)). The legal guide values of Switzerland were exceeded for PAH(16) at only three and for BaP at two sites. The PCB(7) concentrations were clearly below any assessment value. The concentration ranges were overlapping between all land use types. Tendencies for higher concentrations were observed at urban and viticulture sites. The overall measurement precision at repeatability conditions ranged from 1 to 37% RSD for PAH(16), BaP and PCB(7). The median bias for the chemical analysis was around zero for PAH(16), +5% for BaP and -5% for PCB(7) with spreads ranging from less than -20% up to more than +30%. The PAH profiles were clearly dominated by phenanthrene. Stratification by land use revealed a prevalence of benzo[a]pyrene at urban and naphthalene at conservation sites. For PCB, the general congener rank order was PCB no. 153 > 138 > 101 > 180. From a broad correlation screening only PAH(16)/BaP (r = 0.88**) were relevant for practical soil protection. The extensive comparison with other studies was severely biased by the lack of harmonisation, especially concerning sampling depth, sampling support, analytical method and the sum calculation procedure.
瑞士土壤监测网络（NABO）的表层土壤浓度（0 - 20厘米），有105个代表所有主要土地利用类型的观测点，16种美国环保署多环芳烃（PAH(16)）总和范围为32至8465微克/千克（中位数163微克/千克），苯并[a]芘（BaP）为0.5至1129微克/千克（中位数13微克/千克），7种欧盟联合研究中心多氯联苯（PCB(7)）总和为0.5至12微克/千克（中位数1.6微克/千克）。仅3个站点的PAH(16)和2个站点的BaP超过了瑞士的法定指导值。PCB(7)浓度明显低于任何评估值。所有土地利用类型之间的浓度范围相互重叠。在城市和葡萄种植区观测到浓度较高的趋势。在重复性条件下，PAH(16)、BaP和PCB(7)的总体测量精密度范围为相对标准偏差1%至37%。化学分析的中位数偏差，PAH(16)约为零，BaP为 +5%，PCB(7)为 -5%，偏差范围从小于 -20%到大于 +30%。PAH谱明显以菲为主。按土地利用分层显示，城市地区苯并[a]芘占主导，保护区萘占主导。对于PCB，一般同系物的排序为PCB 153号 > 138号 > 101号 > 180号。从广泛的相关性筛选来看，只有PAH(16)/BaP（r = 0.88**）与实际土壤保护相关。由于缺乏协调统一，特别是在采样深度、采样载体、分析方法和总和计算程序方面，与其他研究的广泛比较存在严重偏差。
