Sibani Stéphane A, McCarron Paul A, Woolfson A David, Donnelly Ryan F
Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008 Nov;5(11):1241-54. doi: 10.1517/17425240802444673.
The treatment of solid tumours and angiogenic ocular diseases by photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the injection of a photosensitiser (PS) to destroy target cells through a combination of visible light irradiation and molecular oxygen. There is currently great interest in the development of efficient and specific carrier delivery platforms for systemic PDT.
This article aims to review recent developments in systemic carrier delivery platforms for PDT, with an emphasis on target specificity.
Recent publications, spanning the last five years, concerning delivery carrier platforms for systemic PDT were reviewed, including PS conjugates, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes and nanoparticles.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION: PS conjugates and supramolecular delivery platforms can improve PDT selectivity by exploiting cellular and physiological specificities of the targeted tissue. Overexpression of receptors in cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells allows their targeting by affinity-based moieties for the selective uptake of PS conjugates and encapsulating delivery carriers, while the abnormal tumour neovascularisation induces a specific accumulation of heavy weighted PS carriers by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, polymeric prodrug delivery platforms triggered by the acidic nature of the tumour environment or the expression of proteases can be designed. Promising results obtained with recent systemic carrier platforms will, in due course, be translated into the clinic for highly efficient and selective PDT protocols.
通过光动力疗法（PDT）治疗实体瘤和血管生成性眼部疾病需要注射光敏剂（PS），通过可见光照射和分子氧的结合来破坏靶细胞。目前，人们对开发用于全身PDT的高效且特异性的载体递送平台非常感兴趣。
本文旨在综述全身PDT载体递送平台的最新进展，重点关注靶标特异性。
回顾了过去五年中有关全身PDT递送载体平台的近期出版物，包括PS缀合物、树枝状大分子、胶束、脂质体和纳米颗粒。
结果/结论：PS缀合物和超分子递送平台可以通过利用靶组织的细胞和生理特异性来提高PDT的选择性。癌症和血管生成性内皮细胞中受体的过表达使得它们能够被基于亲和力的部分靶向，以选择性摄取PS缀合物和封装递送载体，而异常的肿瘤新血管生成通过增强的通透性和滞留（EPR）效应诱导重质PS载体的特异性积累。此外，可以设计由肿瘤环境的酸性性质或蛋白酶表达触发的聚合物前药递送平台。近期全身载体平台获得的有前景的结果将在适当的时候转化为临床应用，以实现高效且选择性的PDT方案。
