Alsaab Hashem O, Alghamdi Maha S, Alotaibi Albatool S, Alzhrani Rami, Alwuthaynani Fatimah, Althobaiti Yusuf S, Almalki Atiah H, Sau Samaresh, Iyer Arun K
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 29;12(10):2793. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102793.
Current research to find effective anticancer treatments is being performed on photodynamic therapy (PDT) with increasing attention. PDT is a very promising therapeutic way to combine a photosensitive drug with visible light to manage different intense malignancies. PDT has several benefits, including better safety and lower toxicity in the treatment of malignant tumors over traditional cancer therapy. This reasonably simple approach utilizes three integral elements: a photosensitizer (PS), a source of light, and oxygen. Upon light irradiation of a particular wavelength, the PS generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), beginning a cascade of cellular death transformations. The positive therapeutic impact of PDT may be limited because several factors of this therapy include low solubilities of PSs, restricting their effective administration, blood circulation, and poor tumor specificity. Therefore, utilizing nanocarrier systems that modulate PS pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) is a promising approach to bypassing these challenges. In the present paper, we review the latest clinical studies and preclinical in vivo studies on the use of PDT and progress made in the use of nanotherapeutics as delivery tools for PSs to improve their cancer cellular uptake and their toxic properties and, therefore, the therapeutic impact of PDT. We also discuss the effects that photoimmunotherapy (PIT) might have on solid tumor therapeutic strategies.
目前，人们对光动力疗法（PDT）治疗癌症的有效性研究给予了越来越多的关注。PDT是一种非常有前景的治疗方法，它将光敏药物与可见光结合起来治疗各种严重的恶性肿瘤。与传统癌症治疗方法相比，PDT具有诸多优势，包括在治疗恶性肿瘤时具有更高的安全性和更低的毒性。这种相对简单的方法利用三个不可或缺的要素：光敏剂（PS）、光源和氧气。在特定波长的光照射下，PS产生活性氧（ROS），引发一系列细胞死亡转化。PDT的积极治疗效果可能会受到限制，因为该疗法的几个因素包括PS的低溶解度，这限制了它们的有效给药、血液循环以及较差的肿瘤特异性。因此，利用能够调节PS药代动力学（PK）和药效学（PD）的纳米载体系统是克服这些挑战的一种有前景的方法。在本文中，我们综述了关于PDT应用的最新临床研究和临床前体内研究，以及在使用纳米治疗剂作为PS的递送工具以提高其对癌细胞的摄取和毒性特性从而增强PDT治疗效果方面所取得的进展。我们还讨论了光免疫疗法（PIT）可能对实体瘤治疗策略产生的影响。
