Leonard Effendi, Nielsen David, Solomon Kevin, Prather Kristala Jones
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2008 Dec;26(12):674-81. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.08.003. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
Typically, the outcome of biologically engineered unit operations cannot be controlled a priori due to the incorporation of ad hoc design into complex natural systems. To mitigate this problem, synthetic biology presents a systematic approach to standardizing biological components for the purpose of increasing their programmability and robustness when assembled with the aim to achieve novel biological functions. A complex engineered biological system using only standardized biological components is yet to exist. Nevertheless, current attempts to create and to implement modular, standardized biological components pave the way for the future creation of highly predictable artificial biological systems. Although synthetic biology frameworks can be applied to any biological engineering endeavor, this article will focus on providing a brief overview of advances in the field and its recent utilization for the engineering of microbes.
通常情况下，由于将临时设计融入复杂的自然系统中，生物工程单元操作的结果无法事先得到控制。为缓解这一问题，合成生物学提出了一种系统方法，即对生物组件进行标准化，以便在组装时提高其可编程性和稳健性，从而实现新的生物学功能。仅使用标准化生物组件的复杂工程生物系统尚未存在。尽管如此，目前创建和实施模块化、标准化生物组件的尝试为未来创建高度可预测的人工生物系统铺平了道路。虽然合成生物学框架可应用于任何生物工程领域，但本文将重点简要概述该领域的进展及其近期在微生物工程中的应用。
