Juutilainen Jukka
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. jukka.juutilainen@uku. fi
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2008;132(2):228-31. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncn258. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of leukaemia in children who are exposed to extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF), suggesting that ELF MFs may be carcinogenic to humans. No carcinogenic effects have been found in animal studies that have tested ELF MFs alone. Similarly, genotoxicity studies have generally not shown effects from MFs alone. However, ELF MFs have been reported to enhance the effects of known carcinogenic or mutagenic agents in a few animal studies and in several in vitro studies. This paper discusses the findings of studies on such combined effects. The majority of in vitro studies have reported positive findings, which supports the conclusion that MFs of 100 microT or higher interact with other chemical and physical agents. Further studies should address biophysical mechanisms and dose-response relationship below 100 microT. Animal studies designed according to the classical initiation-promotion concept may not be sufficient for studying the cocarcinogenic effects of MFs, and further studies using novel study designs would be useful. Epidemiological data on the interaction between MFs and other environmental agents are scant and inconclusive, and any further studies may be difficult because of the scarcity of subjects with suitable combined exposures.
流行病学研究报告称，暴露于极低频（ELF）磁场（MF）的儿童患白血病的风险增加，这表明ELF磁场可能对人类具有致癌性。在单独测试ELF磁场的动物研究中未发现致癌作用。同样，遗传毒性研究一般也未显示仅磁场会产生影响。然而，在一些动物研究和多项体外研究中，据报道ELF磁场会增强已知致癌或诱变剂的作用。本文讨论了关于此类联合效应的研究结果。大多数体外研究报告了阳性结果，这支持了以下结论：100微特斯拉或更高的磁场会与其他化学和物理因素相互作用。进一步的研究应探讨低于100微特斯拉时的生物物理机制和剂量反应关系。根据经典的启动-促进概念设计的动物研究可能不足以研究磁场的促癌作用，采用新的研究设计进行进一步研究将很有帮助。关于磁场与其他环境因素相互作用的流行病学数据很少且尚无定论，由于具有合适联合暴露的受试者稀缺，任何进一步的研究可能都很困难。
