White Robert J
Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
Trends Genet. 2008 Dec;24(12):622-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 6.
Oncogenically transformed cells overexpress the non-coding RNAs, such as pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), which are produced by RNA polymerases (Pols) I and III. Recent results indicate that levels of pre-rRNA have prognostic value and that a tRNA has oncogenic potential. Transcription by Pols I and III is restrained in healthy cells by the tumour suppressors RB, p53, ARF and PTEN. Such restraints are compromised during cell transformation and the problem is accentuated by oncogene products, such as c-Myc, that stimulate the output of Pol I and Pol III. The resultant increases in rRNA and tRNA expression might promote the generation of cancers.
致癌转化细胞会过度表达非编码RNA，如由RNA聚合酶（Pol）I和III产生的前核糖体RNA（rRNA）和转运RNA（tRNA）。最近的研究结果表明，前rRNA水平具有预后价值，且一种tRNA具有致癌潜力。在健康细胞中，Pol I和Pol III的转录受到肿瘤抑制因子RB、p53、ARF和PTEN的抑制。在细胞转化过程中，这种抑制作用会受到损害，而癌基因产物，如c-Myc，会刺激Pol I和Pol III的转录输出，从而加剧这一问题。rRNA和tRNA表达的增加可能会促进癌症的发生。
