Normann Claus, Berger Mathias
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Hauptstrasse 5, Freiburg, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Nov;258 Suppl 5:110-4. doi: 10.1007/s00406-008-5022-2.
Neuroenhancement is a pharmacological attempt to increase cognitive performance in healthy humans. Strategies to improve learning and memory aim at plasticity pathways in the brain; phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as rolipram and NMDA-modulating drugs like donepezil and D: -cycloserine have been tested in clinical trials. Modafinil and methylphenidate are used to increase attention and vigilance. Other fields of intense research include mood, social interaction and sexual performance. So far, all clinical trials of neuroenhancing drugs have either failed or demonstrated only very limited efficacy. However, the high demand for neuroenhancement and the intense research efforts might come up with more efficacious drugs in the near future implying the need for an extended ethical discussion in society.
神经增强是一种通过药物手段提高健康人认知能力的尝试。改善学习和记忆的策略旨在作用于大脑的可塑性通路；磷酸二酯酶抑制剂如咯利普兰以及N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）调节药物如多奈哌齐和D-环丝氨酸已在临床试验中进行了测试。莫达非尼和哌甲酯用于提高注意力和警觉性。其他深入研究的领域包括情绪、社交互动和性功能。到目前为止，所有神经增强药物的临床试验要么失败，要么仅显示出非常有限的疗效。然而，对神经增强的高需求和大量的研究工作可能在不久的将来产生更有效的药物，这意味着社会需要进行更广泛的伦理讨论。
