Yaman Mehmet
Mustafa Kemal Universitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dali, Hatay, Turkey.
Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2008;32(3):280-7.
Phlebotomine sandflies make people uncomfortable because of biting and because they transmit various diseases. Especially, leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in a number of countries, and requires control management. No effective control methods have been found for immature sandflies. On the contrary, the studies on destruction and modification of their habitats have found to be suitable for mature sandflies. Barrier spraying method recommended for exophilic sandflies are generally unsustainable and uneconomical. Although residual insecticide spraying of dwellings is successful in urban areas with high concentrations of endophilic sandflies, it may be both impractical and ineffective in rural areas where dwellings are more dispersed and surrounded by a large, untargeted reservoir of sandflies. Therefore, insecticide impregnated bed nets and curtains may be the best choice in rural areas. However, these applications do not replace other methods. Control of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis would be control with insecticide-impregnated dog collars. In addition, alternative control methods such as avermectin or microbial agents spraying of the sandflies' sugar supplying vegetation and the use of pheromone baits are still under investigation. Moreover, antibodies produced by the host against the salivary glands of sandflies shown promise in the development of vaccination in the control of both sandflies and leishmaniasis.
白蛉会叮咬人并传播多种疾病，让人感到不适。特别是利什曼病在许多国家都是严重的公共卫生问题，需要进行控制管理。目前尚未找到针对未成熟白蛉的有效控制方法。相反，关于破坏和改变其栖息地的研究发现，这些方法适用于成熟白蛉。推荐用于嗜外性白蛉的屏障喷洒方法通常不可持续且不经济。尽管在嗜内性白蛉浓度高的城市地区，对住宅进行残留杀虫剂喷洒很成功，但在农村地区可能既不实际也无效，因为农村地区的住宅更为分散，且周围有大量未 targeted 的白蛉宿主。因此，杀虫剂浸渍蚊帐和窗帘可能是农村地区的最佳选择。然而，这些应用并不能取代其他方法。控制动物源性皮肤利什曼病可使用杀虫剂浸渍的狗项圈。此外，诸如对提供糖分的白蛉植被喷洒阿维菌素或微生物制剂以及使用信息素诱饵等替代控制方法仍在研究中。此外，宿主针对白蛉唾液腺产生的抗体在开发控制白蛉和利什曼病的疫苗方面显示出前景。 （原文中“untargeted reservoir”的“targeted”疑似有误，结合语境推测可能是“未受控制的宿主”之意，这里保留原文未翻译。）
