Iamarino G, Rao M A, Gianfreda L
Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2009 Jan;74(2):216-23. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.061. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
The capability of two oxidative catalysts, a laccase from Rhus vernicifera and birnessite, a manganese oxide, in the dephenolization and detoxification of two olive-mill wastewater (OMW) samples, C1 and C2, differing for complexity and composition, was evaluated. OMW phenolic extracts (EC1 and EC2) and mono-substrate solutions of phenols mostly present in OMW samples were also tested. Birnessite was more effective than laccase in removing the phenolic content from mono-substrate solutions (more than 70% of each initial phenolic concentration) and of either OMW samples or EC1 and EC2 extracts. For instance, 60% of the total phenolic content of EC1 was removed after 48-h treatment with 5 mg mL(-1) birnessite and the efficiency was lower as greater was the complexity of the OMW sample (only 17% removal from EC2 over the same time span). Phytotoxicity tests with Lepidium sativum and Lycopersicon esculentum seeds and antibacterial toxicity tests with Bacillus megaterium were performed on crude OMW samples and their extract and exhausted fractions before and after the catalytic treatment. Results demonstrated that (a) monomeric phenols were certainly but not exclusively responsible of OMW phytotoxicity, whereas their removal led to a quite complete elimination of the toxicity toward bacterial growth; (b) other components not removable by the oxidative catalysts very likely contribute to OMW phytotoxicity; and (c) the choice of the vegetal species to use in toxicity tests might be crucial for correct and easily interpretable results. Overall the results provided useful information on the possible use of oxidative catalysts for the efficient treatment of complex aqueous wastes such as those deriving from olive industry.
评估了两种氧化催化剂，即来自漆树的漆酶和氧化锰水钠锰矿，对两种成分和复杂性不同的橄榄榨油废水（OMW）样品C1和C2进行脱酚和解毒的能力。还测试了OMW酚类提取物（EC1和EC2）以及OMW样品中最常见的酚类单底物溶液。在从单底物溶液（每种初始酚浓度的70%以上）以及OMW样品或EC1和EC2提取物中去除酚类含量方面，水钠锰矿比漆酶更有效。例如，用5 mg mL(-1)水钠锰矿处理48小时后，EC1中60%的总酚含量被去除，并且OMW样品的复杂性越高，效率越低（在相同时间段内，EC2中仅17%被去除）。对粗OMW样品及其提取物以及催化处理前后的耗尽馏分进行了用独行菜和番茄种子的植物毒性测试以及用巨大芽孢杆菌的抗菌毒性测试。结果表明：（a）单体酚肯定但并非唯一地导致OMW植物毒性，而去除它们会使对细菌生长的毒性相当完全地消除；（b）氧化催化剂无法去除的其他成分很可能导致OMW植物毒性；（c）在毒性测试中选择使用的植物物种对于获得正确且易于解释的结果可能至关重要。总体而言，这些结果为氧化催化剂用于高效处理来自橄榄产业等复杂含水废物的可能用途提供了有用信息。
