Kleter G A, Groot M J, Poelman M, Kok E J, Marvin H J P
RIKILT - Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 May;47(5):992-1008. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.021. Epub 2008 Aug 29.
A number of recent food safety incidents have involved chemical substances, while various activities aim at the early identification of emerging chemical risks. This review considers recent cases of chemical and biochemical risks, as a basis for recommendations for awareness and prevention of similar risks at an early stage. These cases include examples of unapproved genetically modified food crops, intoxications with botanical products containing unintentionally admixed toxic herbs, residues of unapproved antibiotics and contaminants in farmed aquaculture species such as shrimp and salmon; and adverse effects of chemical and biological pesticides of natural origin. Besides case-specific recommendations for mitigation of future incidents of the same nature, general inferences and recommendations are made. It is recommended, for example, to establish databases for contaminants potentially present within products. Pro-active reconnaissance can facilitate the identification of products potentially contaminated with hazardous substances. In international trade, prevention and early identification of hazards are aided by management systems for product quality and safety, rigorous legislation, and inspections of consignments destined for export. Cooperation with the private sector and foreign authorities may be required to achieve these goals. While food and feed safety are viewed from the European perspective, the outcomes also apply to other regions.
近期一些食品安全事件涉及化学物质，同时各种活动旨在尽早识别新出现的化学风险。本综述考虑了近期的化学和生化风险案例，作为在早期阶段提高对类似风险的认识并预防这些风险的建议依据。这些案例包括未经批准的转基因粮食作物、含有无意混入的有毒草药的植物性产品中毒、未经批准的抗生素残留以及虾和三文鱼等养殖水产中的污染物；以及天然来源的化学和生物农药的不良影响。除了针对减轻未来同类事件的具体案例建议外，还得出了一般性的推论和建议。例如，建议建立产品中可能存在的污染物数据库。主动侦查有助于识别可能被有害物质污染的产品。在国际贸易中，产品质量和安全管理体系、严格的立法以及对出口货物的检查有助于预防和尽早识别危害。可能需要与私营部门和外国当局合作以实现这些目标。虽然从欧洲视角看待食品和饲料安全，但这些成果也适用于其他地区。
