Rutters Femke, Nieuwenhuizen Arie G, Lemmens Sofie G T, Born Jurriaan M, Westerterp-Plantenga Margriet S
1Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Jan;17(1):72-7. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.493. Epub 2008 Nov 6.
Obesity results from chronic deregulation of energy balance, which may in part be caused by stress. Our objective was to investigate the effect of acute and psychological stress on food intake, using the eating in the absence of hunger paradigm, in normal and overweight men and women (while taking dietary restraint and disinhibition into account). In 129 subjects (BMI = 24.5 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2) and age = 27.6 +/- 8.8 years), scores were determined on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (dietary restraint = 7.2 +/- 4.4; disinhibition = 4.5 +/- 2.6; feeling of hunger = 3.9 +/- 2.6) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait score = 31.7 +/- 24.2). In a randomized crossover design, the "eating in absence of hunger" protocol was measured as a function of acute stress vs. a control task and of state anxiety scores. Energy intake from sweet foods (708.1 kJ vs. 599.4 kJ, P < 0.03) and total energy intake (965.2 kJ vs. 793.8 kJ, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the stress condition compared to the control condition. Differences in energy intake between the stress and control condition were a function of increase in state anxiety scores during the stress task (Delta state anxiety scores) (R(2) = 0.05, P < 0.01). This positive relationship was stronger in subjects with high disinhibition scores (R(2) = 0.12, P < 0.05). Differences in state anxiety scores were a function of trait anxiety scores (R(2) = 0.07, P < 0.05). We conclude that acute psychological stress is associated with eating in the absence of hunger, especially in vulnerable individuals characterized by disinhibited eating behavior and sensitivity to chronic stress.
肥胖是由能量平衡的长期失调导致的，而压力可能是部分原因。我们的目标是，在考虑饮食节制和去抑制作用的情况下，使用非饥饿状态下进食的范式，研究急性和心理压力对正常体重及超重男性和女性食物摄入量的影响。在129名受试者（体重指数 = 24.5 ± 3.4 kg/m²，年龄 = 27.6 ± 8.8岁）中，测定了三因素饮食问卷得分（饮食节制 = 7.2 ± 4.4；去抑制作用 = 4.5 ± 2.6；饥饿感 = 3.9 ± 2.6）以及状态-特质焦虑量表得分（特质得分 = 31.7 ± 24.2）。在随机交叉设计中，“非饥饿状态下进食”方案被测定为急性压力与对照任务以及状态焦虑得分的函数。与对照条件相比，压力条件下甜食的能量摄入量（708.1千焦对599.4千焦，P < 0.03）和总能量摄入量（965.2千焦对793.8千焦，P < 0.01）显著更高。压力条件与对照条件之间能量摄入量的差异是压力任务期间状态焦虑得分增加量（状态焦虑得分变化量）的函数（R² = 0.05，P < 0.01）。这种正相关关系在去抑制得分高的受试者中更强（R² = 0.12，P < 0.05）。状态焦虑得分的差异是特质焦虑得分的函数（R² = 0.07，P < 0.05）。我们得出结论，急性心理压力与非饥饿状态下进食有关，尤其是在具有去抑制性饮食行为且对慢性压力敏感的易受影响个体中。
