Weinstein S E, Shide D J, Rolls B J
Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Appetite. 1997 Feb;28(1):7-18. doi: 10.1006/appe.1996.0056.
The relationship between psychological factors and changes in food intake during stress (both during a specific experience and during stress, in general) in 49 men, ages 18 to 34, and 52 women, ages 18 to 35, was assessed using questionnaires. Participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Eating Inventory (which includes scales for disinhibition, cognitive restraint and perceived hunger) the Restraint Scale, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Binge Scale; and reported their height and weight. Men and women were divided into two groups regarding changes in eating habits during stress: increased intake and no increased intake. There were no significant differences between genders in the proportions of participants in each group. However, correlational analyses revealed different patterns of associations for males and females. For females, high scores on disinhibition were significantly correlated with eating more than usual during a specific stressful experience (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) as well as during stress, in general (r = 0.66, p < 0.001), while high scores on cognitive restraint were not. For males, neither disinhibition nor cognitive restraint were associated with the relationship between eating and stress. Scores on disinhibition discriminated over 80% of females who reported increased intake during stress from those who reported no increased intake. In females, the inability to maintain control of self-imposed rules concerning food intake is an important factor in the relationship between stress and eating.
通过问卷调查评估了49名年龄在18至34岁之间的男性和52名年龄在18至35岁之间的女性在压力期间（包括在特定经历和一般压力期间）心理因素与食物摄入量变化之间的关系。参与者完成了状态-特质焦虑量表、饮食量表（包括去抑制、认知抑制和感知饥饿量表）、抑制量表、饮食态度测试和暴饮暴食量表；并报告了他们的身高和体重。根据压力期间饮食习惯的变化，男性和女性被分为两组：摄入量增加组和摄入量未增加组。每组参与者的比例在性别之间没有显著差异。然而，相关分析揭示了男性和女性不同的关联模式。对于女性，去抑制高分与在特定压力经历期间（r = 0.51，p < 0.001）以及一般压力期间（r = 0.66，p < 0.001）比平时吃得更多显著相关，而认知抑制高分则不然。对于男性，去抑制和认知抑制均与饮食和压力之间的关系无关。去抑制得分区分了80%以上在压力期间报告摄入量增加的女性和报告摄入量未增加的女性。在女性中，无法维持对自我设定的食物摄入规则的控制是压力与饮食关系中的一个重要因素。
