Franke C, Verwied-Jorky S, Campoy C, Trak-Fellermeier M, Decsi T, Dolz V, Koletzko B
Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(3-4):167-74. doi: 10.1159/000172978. Epub 2008 Nov 11.
Folic acid plays a fundamental role in cell division and differentiation. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been associated with infantile neurological and cognitive development. Thus, optimal intrauterine development and growth requires adequate supply of these nutrients during pregnancy.
Healthy pregnant women, aged 18-41 years, were recruited in Granada (Spain; n = 62), Munich (Germany; n=97) and Pécs (Hungary; n=152). We estimated dietary DHA and folate intake in weeks 20 (w20) and 30 of gestation (w30) using a food frequency questionnaire with specific focus on the dietary sources of folate and DHA.
Both w20 and w30 Spanish participants had significantly higher daily DHA intakes (155+/-13 and 161+/-9 mg/1,000 kcal) than the German (119+/-9 and 124 +/- 12 mg/1,000 kcal; p=0.002) and Hungarian participants (122+/-8 and 125 +/- 10 mg/1,000 kcal; p=0.005). Hungarian women had higher folate intakes in w20 and w30 (149+/-5 and 147+/-6 microg/1,000 kcal) than Spanish (112+/-2 and 110+/-2 microg/1,000 kcal; p<0.001) and German participants (126+/-4 and 120+/-6 microg/1,000 kcal; p<0.001), respectively.
Dietary DHA and folate intake of pregnant women differs significantly across the three European cohorts. Only 7% of the participants reached the recommended folate intake during pregnancy, whereas nearly 90% reached the DHA recommended intake of 200 mg per day.
叶酸在细胞分裂和分化过程中发挥着重要作用。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）与婴儿神经和认知发育有关。因此，孕期宫内的最佳发育和生长需要在孕期充足供应这些营养素。
招募了年龄在18 - 41岁的健康孕妇，她们分别来自格拉纳达（西班牙；n = 62）、慕尼黑（德国；n = 97）和佩奇（匈牙利；n = 152）。我们使用食物频率问卷估计妊娠第20周（w20）和第30周（w30）的膳食DHA和叶酸摄入量，特别关注叶酸和DHA的膳食来源。
西班牙参与者在w20和w30时的每日DHA摄入量（155±13和161±9毫克/1000千卡）均显著高于德国参与者（119±9和124±12毫克/1000千卡；p = 0.002）和匈牙利参与者（122±8和125±10毫克/1000千卡；p = 0.005）。匈牙利女性在w20和w30时的叶酸摄入量（149±5和147±6微克/1000千卡）分别高于西班牙参与者（112±2和110±2微克/1000千卡；p<0.001）和德国参与者（126±4和120±6微克/1000千卡；p<0.001）。
三个欧洲队列中孕妇的膳食DHA和叶酸摄入量存在显著差异。只有7%的参与者在孕期达到了推荐的叶酸摄入量，而近90%的参与者达到了DHA每天200毫克的推荐摄入量。
