Aravalli Rajagopal N, Steer Clifford J, Cressman Erik N K
Department of Radiology, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Hepatology. 2008 Dec;48(6):2047-63. doi: 10.1002/hep.22580.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically has poor prognosis, because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Heterogeneous phenotypic and genetic traits of affected individuals and a wide range of risk factors have classified it a complex disease. HCC is not amenable to standard chemotherapy and is resistant to radiotherapy. In most cases, surgical resection and liver transplantation remain the only curative treatment options. Therefore, development of novel, effective therapies is of prime importance. Extensive research over the past decade has identified a number of molecular biomarkers as well as cellular networks and signaling pathways affected in liver cancer. Recent studies using a combination of "omics" technologies, microRNA studies, combinatorial chemistry, and bioinformatics are providing new insights into the gene expression and protein profiles during various stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the contribution of these newer approaches toward an understanding of molecular mechanisms of HCC and for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
肝细胞癌（HCC）通常预后较差，因为它往往在晚期才被诊断出来。受影响个体的异质表型和遗传特征以及广泛的风险因素使其被归类为复杂疾病。HCC不适合标准化疗且对放疗有抗性。在大多数情况下，手术切除和肝移植仍然是唯一的治愈性治疗选择。因此，开发新的有效疗法至关重要。过去十年的广泛研究已经确定了一些分子生物标志物以及肝癌中受影响的细胞网络和信号通路。最近使用“组学”技术、微小RNA研究、组合化学和生物信息学相结合的研究正在为疾病各个阶段的基因表达和蛋白质谱提供新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些新方法对理解HCC分子机制和开发新型癌症治疗方法的贡献。
