Hendrickson Anita, Troilo David, Djajadi Hidayat, Possin Daniel, Springer Alan
Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
J Comp Neurol. 2009 Jan 10;512(2):218-31. doi: 10.1002/cne.21893.
Marmoset photoreceptor development was studied to determine the expression sequence for synaptic, opsin, and phototransduction proteins. All markers appear first in cones within the incipient foveal center or in rods at the foveal edge. Recoverin appears in cones across 70% of the retina at fetal day (Fd) 88, indicating that it is expressed shortly after photoreceptors are generated. Synaptic markers synaptophysin, SV2, glutamate vesicular transporter 1, and CTBP2 label foveal cones at Fd 88 and cones at the retinal edge around birth. Cones and rods have distinctly different patterns of synaptic protein and opsin expression. Synaptic markers are expressed first in cones, with a considerable delay before they appear in rods at the same eccentricity. Cones express synaptic markers 2-3 weeks before they express opsin, but rods express opsin 2-4 weeks before rod synaptic marker labeling is detected. Medium/long-wavelength-selective (M&L) opsin appears in foveal cones and rod opsin in rods around the fovea at Fd 100. Very few cones expressing short-wavelength-selective (S) opsin are found in the Fd 105 fovea. Across peripheral retina, opsin appears first in rods, followed about 1 week later by M&L cone opsin. S cone opsin appears last, and all opsins reach the retinal edge by 1 week after birth. Cone transducin and rod arrestin are expressed concurrently with opsin, but cone arrestin appears slightly later. Marmoset photoreceptor development differs from that in Macaca and humans. It starts relatively late, at 56% gestation, compared with Macaca at 32% gestation. The marmoset opsin expression sequence is also different from that of either Macaca or human.
研究狨猴光感受器的发育，以确定突触、视蛋白和光转导蛋白的表达顺序。所有标志物首先出现在初期中央凹中心的视锥细胞中或中央凹边缘的视杆细胞中。恢复蛋白在胎儿期第88天（Fd 88）出现在70%视网膜区域的视锥细胞中，这表明它在光感受器产生后不久就开始表达。突触标志物突触素、突触囊泡蛋白2、谷氨酸囊泡转运体1和CTBP2在Fd 88时标记中央凹视锥细胞，并在出生前后标记视网膜边缘的视锥细胞。视锥细胞和视杆细胞具有明显不同的突触蛋白和视蛋白表达模式。突触标志物首先在视锥细胞中表达，在相同离心率的视杆细胞中出现之前有相当长的延迟。视锥细胞在表达视蛋白前2 - 3周表达突触标志物，但视杆细胞在检测到视杆细胞突触标志物标记前2 - 4周表达视蛋白。中/长波长选择性（M&L）视蛋白在Fd 100时出现在中央凹视锥细胞中，视杆视蛋白出现在中央凹周围的视杆细胞中。在Fd 105的中央凹中发现很少表达短波长选择性（S）视蛋白的视锥细胞。在周边视网膜中，视蛋白首先出现在视杆细胞中，大约1周后M&L视锥视蛋白出现。S视锥视蛋白最后出现，所有视蛋白在出生后1周到达视网膜边缘。视锥转导蛋白和视杆抑制蛋白与视蛋白同时表达，但视锥抑制蛋白出现稍晚。狨猴光感受器的发育与猕猴和人类不同。它开始得相对较晚，在妊娠56%时开始，而猕猴在妊娠32%时开始。狨猴视蛋白的表达顺序也与猕猴或人类不同。
