Agusa Tetsuro, Kunito Takashi, Minh Tu Binh, Kim Trang Pham Thi, Iwata Hisato, Viet Pham Hung, Tanabe Shinsuke
Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
Environ Pollut. 2009 Feb;157(2):396-403. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.043. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
This study investigated the status of arsenic (As) exposure from groundwater and rice, and its methylation capacity in residents from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Arsenic levels in groundwater ranged from <1.8 to 486 microg/L. Remarkably, 86% of groundwater samples exceeded WHO drinking water guideline of 10 microg/L. Also, estimated inorganic As intake from groundwater and rice were over Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (15 microg/week/kg body wt.) by FAO/WHO for 92% of the residents examined. Inorganic As and its metabolite (monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) concentrations in human urine were positively correlated with estimated inorganic As intake. These results suggest that residents in these areas are exposed to As through consumption of groundwater and rice, and potential health risk of As is of great concern for these people. Urinary concentration ratios of dimethylarsinic acid to monomethylarsonic acid in children were higher than those in adults, especially among men, indicating greater As methylation capacity in children.
本研究调查了越南红河三角洲地区居民通过地下水和大米接触砷（As）的状况及其甲基化能力。地下水中的砷含量范围为<1.8至486微克/升。值得注意的是，86%的地下水样本超过了世界卫生组织10微克/升的饮用水准则。此外，在所检测的92%的居民中，通过地下水和大米摄入的无机砷估计超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织的暂定每周耐受摄入量（15微克/周/千克体重）。人体尿液中无机砷及其代谢物（一甲基胂酸和二甲基胂酸）的浓度与估计的无机砷摄入量呈正相关。这些结果表明，这些地区的居民通过饮用地下水和食用大米接触砷，砷对这些人群的潜在健康风险令人高度担忧。儿童尿液中二甲基胂酸与一甲基胂酸的浓度比高于成年人，尤其是男性，这表明儿童的砷甲基化能力更强。
