Agusa Tetsuro, Kunito Takashi, Fujihara Junko, Kubota Reiji, Minh Tu Binh, Kim Trang Pham Thi, Iwata Hisato, Subramanian Annamalai, Viet Pham Hung, Tanabe Shinsuke
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, CMES, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
Environ Pollut. 2006 Jan;139(1):95-106. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.033. Epub 2005 Jul 11.
Concentrations of As and other trace elements and their association were examined in groundwater (n = 25) and human hair (n = 59) collected at Gia Lam District and Thanh Tri District, suburban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam, in September 2001. Concentrations of As in the groundwater ranged from <0.10 to 330 microg/l, with about 40% of these exceeding WHO drinking water guideline of 10 microg/l. Also, 76% and 12% of groundwater samples had higher concentrations of Mn and Ba than WHO drinking water guidelines, respectively. Arsenic concentrations in hair of residents in Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts (range 0.088-2.77 microg/g dry wt.) were lower than those in other As-contaminated areas of the world, but were higher than those of people in non-contaminated areas. Concentrations of As and Mn in hair of some individuals from the Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts exceeded the level associated with their toxicity and, therefore, a potential health risk of As and Mn is a concern for the people consuming the contaminated water in this area. Cumulative As exposure was estimated to be lower than the threshold levels at the present, which might explain the absence of manifestations of chronic As poisoning and arsenicosis in the residents of Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts. To our knowledge, this study revealed for the first time that the residents are exposed not only to As but also Mn and Ba from groundwater in the Red River Delta, Vietnam.
2001年9月，在越南河内郊区嘉林县和清池县采集了25份地下水样本和59份人发样本，检测了其中砷及其他微量元素的浓度及其相关性。地下水中砷的浓度范围为<0.10至330微克/升，其中约40%超过了世界卫生组织10微克/升的饮用水指导标准。此外，分别有76%和12%的地下水样本中锰和钡的浓度高于世界卫生组织的饮用水指导标准。嘉林县和清池县居民头发中的砷浓度（范围为0.088 - 2.77微克/克干重）低于世界其他砷污染地区，但高于未受污染地区的人群。嘉林县和清池县一些人的头发中砷和锰的浓度超过了与其毒性相关的水平，因此，砷和锰对该地区饮用受污染水的人群存在潜在健康风险。据估计，目前累积砷暴露低于阈值水平，这可能解释了嘉林县和清池县居民未出现慢性砷中毒和砷中毒症状的原因。据我们所知，本研究首次揭示了越南红河三角洲地区居民不仅暴露于地下水中的砷，还暴露于锰和钡。
