Jenkinson David M, Harbert Allison J
Department of Family Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine-Chattanooga Unit, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2008 Nov 1;78(9):1039-46.
Use of performance-enhancing supplements occurs at all levels of sports, from professional athletes to junior high school students. Although some supplements do enhance athletic performance, many have no proven benefits and have serious adverse effects. Anabolic steroids and ephedrine have life-threatening adverse effects and are prohibited by the International Olympic Committee and the National Collegiate Athletic Association for use in competition. Blood transfusions, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone are also prohibited in competition. Caffeine, creatine, and sodium bicarbonate have been shown to enhance performance in certain contexts and have few adverse effects. No performance benefit has been shown with amino acids, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, chromium, human growth hormone, and iron. Carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages have no serious adverse effects and can aid performance when used for fluid replacement. Given the widespread use of performance-enhancing supplements, physicians should be prepared to counsel athletes of all ages about their effectiveness, safety, and legality.
从职业运动员到初中生，提高运动成绩的补充剂在各个体育层面都有使用。尽管有些补充剂确实能提高运动成绩，但许多并无经证实的益处，且有严重的副作用。合成代谢类固醇和麻黄碱有危及生命的副作用，被国际奥委会和美国大学生体育协会禁止在比赛中使用。输血、雄烯二酮和脱氢表雄酮在比赛中也被禁止。咖啡因、肌酸和碳酸氢钠在某些情况下已被证明能提高成绩，且副作用较少。氨基酸、β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸、铬、人生长激素和铁并未显示出对提高成绩有帮助。碳水化合物电解质饮料没有严重的副作用，用于补充液体时有助于提高运动表现。鉴于提高运动成绩的补充剂使用广泛，医生应准备好为各年龄段的运动员提供有关其功效、安全性和合法性的咨询。
