Vogel Jörg
RNA Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
Mol Microbiol. 2009 Jan;71(1):1-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06505.x. Epub 2008 Nov 4.
Salmonella species are enterobacterial pathogens that have been exceptionally well investigated with respect to virulence mechanisms, microbial pathogenesis, genome evolution and many fundamental pathways of gene expression and metabolism. While these studies have traditionally focused on protein functions, Salmonella has also become a model organism for RNA-mediated regulation. The present review is dedicated to the non-coding RNA world of Salmonella: it covers small RNAs (sRNAs) that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, novel Salmonella cis-regulatory RNA elements that sense metabolite and metal ion concentrations (or temperature), and globally acting RNA-binding proteins such as CsrA or Hfq (inactivation of which cause drastic phenotypes and virulence defects). Owing to mosaic genome structure, some of the Salmonella sRNAs are widely conserved in bacteria whereas others are very specific to Salmonella species. Intriguingly, sRNAs of either type (CsrB/C, InvR, SgrS) facilitate cross-talk between the Salmonella core genome and its laterally acquired virulence regions. Work in Salmonella also identified physiological functions (and mechanisms thereof) of RNA that had remained unknown in Escherichia coli, and pioneered the use of high-throughput sequencing technology to identify the sRNA and mRNA targets of bacterial RNA-binding proteins.
沙门氏菌属是肠道细菌病原体，在毒力机制、微生物发病机制、基因组进化以及基因表达和代谢的许多基本途径方面都得到了极为深入的研究。虽然这些研究传统上侧重于蛋白质功能，但沙门氏菌也已成为RNA介导调控的模式生物。本综述致力于探讨沙门氏菌的非编码RNA世界：它涵盖了作为基因表达转录后调节因子的小RNA（sRNA）、感知代谢物和金属离子浓度（或温度）的新型沙门氏菌顺式调节RNA元件，以及全局性作用的RNA结合蛋白，如CsrA或Hfq（其失活会导致严重的表型和毒力缺陷）。由于基因组结构的镶嵌性，一些沙门氏菌sRNA在细菌中广泛保守，而另一些则对沙门氏菌属非常特异。有趣的是，这两种类型的sRNA（CsrB/C、InvR、SgrS）都促进了沙门氏菌核心基因组与其横向获得的毒力区域之间的相互作用。对沙门氏菌的研究还确定了在大肠杆菌中尚属未知的RNA的生理功能（及其机制），并率先使用高通量测序技术来鉴定细菌RNA结合蛋白的sRNA和mRNA靶标。
